Effects of Dark Chocolate on Azoxymethane-Induced Colonic Aberrant Crypt Foci

Hong, Mee Young; Nulton, Emily; Shelechi, Mahshid; Hernández, Lisa M.; Nemoseck, Tricia

doi:10.1080/01635581.2013.789542

Cited by 20 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(77 reference statements)

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“…In an animal study, a diet containing dark chocolate reduced the total number of aberrant crypt foci in the colon. The effect was associated with down-regulation in the transcription levels of both COX-2 and ReIA [64]. In addition, cocoa significantly decreased the tumor incidence and size in mice with colitis-associated cancer [65].…”

Section: Cancermentioning

confidence: 93%

Chocolate, “Food of the Gods”: History, Science, and Human Health

Montagna

Diella

Triggiano

et al. 2019

IJERPH

109

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Chocolate is well known for its fine flavor, and its history began in ancient times, when the Maya considered chocolate (a cocoa drink prepared with hot water) the “Food of the Gods”. The food industry produces many different types of chocolate: in recent years, dark chocolate, in particular, has gained great popularity. Interest in chocolate has grown, owing to its physiological and potential health effects, such as regulation of blood pressure, insulin levels, vascular functions, oxidation processes, prebiotic effects, glucose homeostasis, and lipid metabolism. However, further translational and epidemiologic studies are needed to confirm available results and to evaluate other possible effects related to the consumption of cocoa and chocolate, verifying in humans the effects hitherto demonstrated only in vitro, and suggesting how best to consume (in terms of dose, mode, and time) chocolate in the daily diet.

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Section: Cancermentioning

confidence: 93%

Chocolate, “Food of the Gods”: History, Science, and Human Health

Montagna

Diella

Triggiano

et al. 2019

IJERPH

109

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“…The position of Ki-67 positive stained cell and the staining intensity of p27 Kip1 were assessed by cell position within the crypt using a MetaMorph Imaging System (Version 4.6r3, Universal Imaging Corp., Downingtown, PA, USA). For cell proliferation, the proliferation index was calculated as 100 times the number of labeled cells per crypt column divided by the total number of cells per crypt column (21). Proliferative zone was calculated as 100 times the position of the highest labeled cell divided by the number of cells per crypt column (21).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For cell proliferation, the proliferation index was calculated as 100 times the number of labeled cells per crypt column divided by the total number of cells per crypt column (21). Proliferative zone was calculated as 100 times the position of the highest labeled cell divided by the number of cells per crypt column (21). For p27 Kip1 quantitation, nuclei on one side of a crypt column were outlined and the staining intensity was measured.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vivo Regulation of Colonic Cell Proliferation, Differentiation, Apoptosis, and P27Kip1 by Dietary Fish Oil and Butyrate in Rats

Hong

Turner

Murphy

et al. 2015

Cancer Prevention Research

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We have shown that dietary fish oil is protective against experimentally-induced colon cancer and the protective effect is enhanced by co-administration of pectin. However, the underlying mechanism(s) have not been fully elucidated. We hypothesized that fish oil with butyrate, a pectin fermentation product, protects against colon cancer initiation by decreasing cell proliferation and increasing differentiation and apoptosis through a p27Kip1 mediated mechanism. Rats were provided diets of corn or fish oil, with/without butyrate, and terminated 12, 24 or 48 h post azoxymethane (AOM) injection. Proliferation (Ki-67), differentiation (Dolichos Biflorus Agglutinin), apoptosis (TUNEL) and p27Kip1 (cell cycle mediator) were measured in the same cell within crypts in order to examine the coordination of cell cycle as a function of diet. DNA damage (N7-methylguanine) was determined by quantitative immunohistochemical analysis. Dietary fish oil decreased DNA damage by 19% (P=0.001) and proliferation by 50% (P=0.003) and increased differentiation by 56% (P=0.039) compared to corn oil. When combined with butyrate, fish oil enhanced apoptosis 24 h post AOM injection compared to a corn oil/butyrate diet (P=0.039). There was an inverse relationship between crypt height and apoptosis in fish oil/butyrate group (r= −0.53, P=0.040). Corn oil/butyrate group showed a positive correlation between p27Kip1 expression and proliferation (r= 0.61, P=0.035). These results indicate the in vivo effect of butyrate on apoptosis and proliferation is dependent on dietary lipid source. These results demonstrate the presence of an early coordinated colonocyte response by which fish oil and butyrate protects against colon tumorigenesis.

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“…Furthermore, cocoa supplementation upregulated Bax and downregulated Bcl-xL levels in the colon tissue of AOM-treated rats, suggesting that cocoa was also able to induce apoptosis as another complementary mechanism of chemoprevention during the progression of carcinogenesis [41]. In the same rat model of AOM-induced colon cancer, a diet including dark chocolate has been reported to reduce cell proliferation and some gene expression involving inflammation (COX-2 and p-65-NF-ĸB), resulting in a lower number of early preneoplastic lesions [42]. …”

Section: Chemopreventive Effects In Animal Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preventive Effects of Cocoa and Cocoa Antioxidants in Colon Cancer

2016

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Colorectal cancer is one of the main causes of cancer-related mortality in the developed world. Carcinogenesis is a multistage process conventionally defined by the initiation, promotion and progression stages. Natural polyphenolic compounds can act as highly effective antioxidant and chemo-preventive agents able to interfere at the three stages of cancer. Cocoa has been demonstrated to counteract oxidative stress and to have a potential capacity to interact with multiple carcinogenic pathways involved in inflammation, proliferation and apoptosis of initiated and malignant cells. Therefore, restriction of oxidative stress and/or prevention or delayed progression of cancer stages by cocoa antioxidant compounds has gained interest as an effective approach in colorectal cancer prevention. In this review, we look over different in vitro and in vivo studies that have identified potential targets and mechanisms whereby cocoa and their flavonoids could interfere with colonic cancer. In addition, evidence from human studies is also illustrated.

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Effects of Dark Chocolate on Azoxymethane-Induced Colonic Aberrant Crypt Foci

Cited by 20 publications

References 56 publications

Chocolate, “Food of the Gods”: History, Science, and Human Health

Chocolate, “Food of the Gods”: History, Science, and Human Health

In Vivo Regulation of Colonic Cell Proliferation, Differentiation, Apoptosis, and P27Kip1 by Dietary Fish Oil and Butyrate in Rats

Preventive Effects of Cocoa and Cocoa Antioxidants in Colon Cancer

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