Effects of Daily Consumption of Cashews on Oxidative Stress and Atherogenic Indices in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Controlled-Feeding Trial

Damavandi, Reihaneh Darvish; Mousavi, Seyedeh Neda; Shidfar, Farzad; Mohammadi, Vida; Rajab, Asadollah; Hosseini, Sharieh; Heshmati, Javad

doi:10.5812/ijem.70744

Cited by 28 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…This may also be a reason for why TyG to be more potent in predicting prediabetes than FPG in female and obese subjects, who usually have higher TG levels. Third, oxidative stress and inflammation could lead to and predict IR, both able to significantly increase the HOMA-IR and TyG index levels [ 36 , 37 ]; this may also explain the correlation of the TyG index and prediabetes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevated triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index predicts incidence of Prediabetes: a prospective cohort study in China

et al. 2020

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Background Prediabetes has become a pandemic. This study aimed to identify a better predictor for the incidence of prediabetes, which we hypothesize to be the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, a simplified insulin resistance index. We compared its predictive value with the other common risk factors of prediabetes. Methods The participants of this analysis were derived from the Risk Evaluation of cAncers in Chinese diabeTic Individuals: a lONgitudinal (REACTION) study. A total of 4543 participants without initial prediabetes or diabetes were followed up for 3.25 years. Using multivariate logistic regression model, the associations between baseline obesity, lipid profiles and non-insulin-based insulin resistance indices with the incidence of prediabetes were analyzed. To assess which is better predictor for the incidence of prediabetes, the area under curves (AUCs) calculated from the receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were used to evaluate and compare with the predictive value of the different indices. Results During the 3.25 years, 1071 out of the 4543 participants developed prediabetes. Using the logistic regression analysis adjusted for some potential confounders, the risk of incidence of prediabetes increased 1.38 (1.28–1.48) fold for each 1–SD increment of TyG index. The predictive ability (assessed by AUCs) of TyG index for predicting prediabetes was 0.60 (0.58–0.62), which was superior to the indices of obesity, lipid profiles and other non-insulin-based insulin resistance indices. Although the predictive ability of the TyG index was overall similar to fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (P = 0.4340), TyG index trended higher than FPG in females (0.62 (0.59–0.64) vs. 0.59 (0.57–0.61), P = 0.0872) and obese subjects (0.59 (0.57–0.62) vs. 0.57 (0.54–0.59), P = 0.1313). TyG index had superior predictive ability for the prediabetic phenotype with isolated impaired glucose tolerance compared with FPG (P < 0.05) and other indices. Furthermore, TyG index significantly improved the C statistic (0.62 (0.60–0.64)), integrated discrimination improvement (1.89% (1.44–2.33%)) and net reclassification index (28.76% (21.84–35.67%)) of conventional model in predicting prediabetes than other indices. Conclusions TyG could be a potential predictor to identify the high risk individuals of prediabetes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevated triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index predicts incidence of Prediabetes: a prospective cohort study in China

et al. 2020

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“…In subjects at high cardiovascular risk (such as diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus [T2DM]), supplementation of 56 g/day of almonds compared to an isocaloric carbohydrate cookie for 8 weeks did not change anthropometric, body composition, or liver fat volume variables [60]. Similarly, cashew nut supplementation (10% of diet energy) for 8 weeks among 50 diabetic patients did not change participants' body weight, BMI and waist circumference compared to the control diet (no supplementation) [61]. In individuals with established CVD, supplementation of 10 g/day of almonds for 12 weeks (10 g/day) also did not decrease adiposity [62].…”

Section: Nut Composition and Its Implication On Body Weight And Cardimentioning

confidence: 99%

Adipokines and Adipose Tissue-Related Metabolites, Nuts and Cardiovascular Disease

Weschenfelder¹,

Quadros²,

Santos³

et al. 2020

Metabolites

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Adipose tissue is a complex structure responsible for fat storage and releasing polypeptides (adipokines) and metabolites, with systemic actions including body weight balance, appetite regulation, glucose homeostasis, and blood pressure control. Signals sent from different tissues are generated and integrated in adipose tissue; thus, there is a close connection between this endocrine organ and different organs and systems such as the gut and the cardiovascular system. It is known that functional foods, especially different nuts, may be related to a net of molecular mechanisms contributing to cardiometabolic health. Despite being energy-dense foods, nut consumption has been associated with no weight gain, weight loss, and lower risk of becoming overweight or obese. Several studies have reported beneficial effects after nut consumption on glucose control, appetite suppression, metabolites related to adipose tissue and gut microbiota, and on adipokines due to their fatty acid profile, vegetable proteins, l-arginine, dietary fibers, vitamins, minerals, and phytosterols. The aim of this review is to briefly describe possible mechanisms implicated in weight homeostasis related to different nuts, as well as studies that have evaluated the effects of nut consumption on adipokines and metabolites related to adipose tissue and gut microbiota in animal models, healthy individuals, and primary and secondary cardiovascular prevention.

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“…Therapies that focus on the use of functional foods, rich in a variety of phytochemicals, mono/polyunsaturated fatty acids, antioxidants, minerals, and fiber, have shown antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and lipid-lowering effects [7,8], which could be useful in patients with NAFLD [6]. Chia seed (Salvia hispanica) is the richest vegetal source of omega 3-fatty acids, antioxidants, and fiber [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chia (Salvia hispanica)-supplemented diet ameliorates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its metabolic abnormalities in humans

Moeini

Lopez-Uribe

Hafidi³

et al. 2020

Lipids Health Dis

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Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a public health problem lacking an approved pharmacological treatment. Omega-3 fatty acids have shown to reverse NAFLD. Chia is a seed rich in α-linolenic acid (ALA), antioxidants, and fiber; therefore, it could be useful to treat NAFLD. Methods: In a single arm experimental design study, the effect of 25 g/day of milled chia was assessed in 25 patients with NAFLD. After two weeks of dietary stabilization (basal condition) and eight weeks of a chiasupplemented isocaloric diet, liver:spleen attenuation index and visceral abdominal fat (VAF) were measured by computed tomography. Lipids, lipoproteins, free fatty acids (FFA), and ALA plasma concentrations were also determined. Results: Dietary chia supplementation induced an increase in plasma ALA concentration (75%) and dietary fiber (55%) consumption. After chia supplementation, VAF (9%), body weight (1.4%), total cholesterol (2.5%), non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (3.2%), and circulating FFA (8%) decreased. Furthermore, NAFLD regressed in 52% of the treated patients (P < 0.05 for all). Conclusions: The results of the present study show that 25 g/day of milled chia ameliorates NAFLD. Chia is an accessible vegetal source of omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants, and fiber, which could have the potential to prevent metabolic abnormalities in NAFLD patients. Considering that there is no pharmacological treatment approved for NAFLD, the findings of the present study suggest that a chia-supplemented diet could be an innovative alternative to control this disease.

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Effects of Daily Consumption of Cashews on Oxidative Stress and Atherogenic Indices in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Controlled-Feeding Trial

Cited by 28 publications

References 27 publications

Elevated triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index predicts incidence of Prediabetes: a prospective cohort study in China

Elevated triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index predicts incidence of Prediabetes: a prospective cohort study in China

Adipokines and Adipose Tissue-Related Metabolites, Nuts and Cardiovascular Disease

Chia (Salvia hispanica)-supplemented diet ameliorates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its metabolic abnormalities in humans

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