Effects of d-Amphetamine and ethanol on a measure of behavioral inhibition in humans.

Wit, Harriet de; Crean, John P.; Richards, Jerry B.

doi:10.1037/0735-7044.114.4.830

Cited by 205 publications

(186 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Failure to observe a stimulant-induced enhancement of inhibitory control in healthy adults might appear at odds with previous reports that d-amphetamine improved inhibitory control in this population (de Wit et al, 2000(de Wit et al, , 2002. However, the facilitating effects in those studies were confined to individuals who displayed poor levels of response inhibition at baseline.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Effects of d-amphetamine in human models of information processing and inhibitory control

Fillmore

Kelly

Martin

2005

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Although stimulants are generally associated with enhanced information processing, reports of stimulant effects on behavioral functions that rely on inhibitory processes have been inconsistent. The present research tested the joint effects of d-amphetamine on information processing and inhibitory control in healthy adults (N = 22) with no reported history of illicit stimulant use or drug dependence. Information processing was measured by a rapid information processing (RIP) task and inhibitory control was measured using a stop-signal task. Performance was measured in response to 15 mg/70 kg, 7.5 mg/70 kg, and 0 mg/70 mg (placebo) doses of d-amphetamine, administered double-blind in a randomized, within-subjects design. Results showed that damphetamine improved information processing in a dose-dependent manner. By contrast, no enhancement of response inhibition was observed. Stimulant effects were also observed in physiological and subjective effects measures. The findings indicate that a stimulant drug can enhance aspects of cognitive functioning without producing a concomitant improvement in inhibitory control of behavior. The findings highlight the complex nature of stimulant effects on human behavior and the utility of performance tasks as models of complex behavioral and cognitive functions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Effects of d-amphetamine in human models of information processing and inhibitory control

Fillmore

Kelly

Martin

2005

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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“…Similar findings have been reported in the scientific literature. Previous studies employing stop-signal paradigms have reported that alcohol increased stop reaction time (de Wit et al, 2000) or increased the number of commission errors Vogel-Sprott, 1997, 1999;Mulvihill et al, 1997), suggesting increased impulsivity. Application of signal detection theory to data from the go/ no-go task in the present study indicated that the increase in commission errors during alcohol intoxication did not result from a change in response bias toward more liberal or risky decisions, but from a reduced ability to discriminate go from no-go signals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Studies on the effects of dopamine agonists on behavioral measures of impulsivity have shown patterns of improvement in impulse control that are similar to the one presented here, following MDMA. D-amphetamine for example, was shown to decrease stop reaction time of healthy volunteers in a stop-signal paradigm without affecting reaction time to go trials (de Wit et al, 2000(de Wit et al, , 2002. However, opposite effects of amphetamine on behavioral tests of impulsivity have also been found when tested in long-term stimulant abusers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was predicted that a general increase in brain 5HT following a single dose of MDMA would improve impulse control. Alcohol has been previously shown to decrease impulse control in rapid response tasks (de Wit et al, 2000;Vogel-Sprott, 1997, 1999) and was included in the present study design as an active control and to assess potential MDMA by alcohol interaction effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acute Effects of 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) on Behavioral Measures of Impulsivity: Alone and in Combination with Alcohol

Ramaekers

Kuypers

2005

Neuropsychopharmacol

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The use of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) has frequently been associated with increased levels of impulsivity during abstinence. The effects of MDMA on measures of impulsivity, however, have not yet been studied during intoxication. The present study was designed to assess the acute effects of MDMA and alcohol, alone and in combination, on behavioral measures of impulsivity and risktaking behavior. A total of 18 recreational users of MDMA entered a double-blind placebo-controlled six-way crossover study. The treatments consisted of MDMA 0, 75, and 100 mg with and without alcohol. Alcohol dosing was designed to achieve a peak blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of about 0.06 g/dl during laboratory testing. Laboratory tests of impulsivity were conducted between 1.5 and 2 h post-MDMA and included a stop-signal task, a go/no-go task, and the Iowa gambling task. MDMA decreased stop reaction time in the stop-signal task indicating increased impulse control. Alcohol increased the proportion of commission errors in the stop-signal task and the go/no-go task. Signal detection analyses of alcohol-induced commission errors indicated that this effect may reflect impairment of perceptual or attentive processing rather than an increase of motor impulsivity per se. Performance in the Iowa gambling task was not affected by MDMA and alcohol, but there was a nonsignificant tendency towards improvement following alcohol intake. None of the behavioral measures of impulsivity showed a MDMA Â alcohol interaction effect. The lack of interaction indicated that the CNS stimulant effects of MDMA were never sufficient to overcome alcohol-induced impairment of impulse control or risk-taking behavior.

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“…Stop-signal and cued go/no-go tasks are reaction time tasks used to model behavioral control as the ability to quickly activate a response to a go-signal and suddenly inhibit a response when a stop-signal occurs (Logan, 1994;Logan and Cowan, 1984;Miller et al, 1991). Studies using these tasks have found that alcohol impairs the ability to inhibit behavior (e.g., de Wit et al, 2000;Fillmore and VogelSprott, 2000;Marczinski and Fillmore, 2003;Mulvihill et al, 1997). Evidence for the reliable impairing effects on inhibitory control in this research is particularly noteworthy given the comparatively mild alcohol doses administered (e.g., 0.45 g/kg -0.65 g/kg) and the relatively simple nature of the inhibitory response tested.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute disinhibiting effects of alcohol as a factor in risky driving behavior

Fillmore¹,

Blackburn²,

Harrison³

2008

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

132

124

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Automobile crash reports show that up to 40% of fatal crashes in the United States involve alcohol and that younger drivers are over-represented. Alcohol use among young drivers is associated with impulsive and risky driving behaviors, such as speeding, which could contribute to their overrepresentation in alcohol-related crash statistics. Recent laboratory studies show that alcohol increases impulsive behaviors by impairing the drinker's ability to inhibit inappropriate actions and that this effect can be exacerbated in conflict situations where the expression and inhibition of behavior are equally motivating. The present study tested the hypothesis that this response conflict might also intensify the disruptive effects of alcohol on driving performance. Fourteen subjects performed a simulated driving and a cued go/no-go task that measured their inhibitory control. Conflict was motivated in these tasks by providing equal monetary incentives for slow, careful behavior (e.g., slow driving, inhibiting impulses) and for quick, abrupt behavior (fast driving, disinhibition). Subjects were tested under two alcohol doses (0.65 g/kg and a placebo) that were administered twice: when conflict was present and when conflict was absent. Alcohol interacted with conflict to impair inhibitory control and to increase risky and impaired driving behavior on the drive task. Also, individuals whose inhibitory control was most impaired by alcohol displayed the poorest driving performance under the drug. The study demonstrates potentially serious disruptions to driving performance as a function of alcohol intoxication and response conflict, and points to inhibitory control as an important underlying mechanism.

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Effects of d-Amphetamine and ethanol on a measure of behavioral inhibition in humans.

Cited by 205 publications

References 32 publications

Effects of d-amphetamine in human models of information processing and inhibitory control

Effects of d-amphetamine in human models of information processing and inhibitory control

Acute Effects of 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) on Behavioral Measures of Impulsivity: Alone and in Combination with Alcohol

Acute disinhibiting effects of alcohol as a factor in risky driving behavior

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