Effects of cyanide and cold treatment on sugar catabolism in apple seeds during dormancy removal

Bogatek, Renata; Lewak, Stanisław

doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.1988.tb00618.x

Cited by 35 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(21 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…On the other hand, also PK, active very early during the culture of embryos, was modified as a result of the treatment. The cyanide-induced changes in activity of this enzyme in cotyledons (inhibition followed by stimulation) were similar to those in the whole embryo, whereas its changes in the embryonal axis (stimulation followed by inhibition) resembled CN-induced changes in PK in axes of' apple seeds submitted to cold stratification (Bogatek and Lewak 1988). The estimation of Cj/Ci ratios partly confirmed these observations.…”

supporting

confidence: 64%

Cyanide controls enzymes involved in lipid and sugar catabolism in dormant apple embryos during culture

Bogatek

Lewak

1991

Physiologia Plantarum

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The activities of alkaline lipase (EC 3.1.1.3, AlkL), isocitrate lyase (EC 4.1.3.1. ICL), pyruvate kinase (EC 2.7.1.40. PK) and glucose–6–phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49, G6PDH) were determined in cultured, dormant embryos of apple (Malus domestica Borb. cv. Antonówka), pretreated with gaseous HCN. The C6/C1, ratio was estimated in the same material. The activities of AlkL and ICL were not stimulated by HCN pretreatment until the period of maximum stimulation of germination. The activity of G6PDH was inhibited by cyanide only late during the culture of embryos. Therefore, the changes in these activities are considered to be the result and not the cause of enhanced germination. On the other hand, also PK, active very early during the culture of embryos, was modified as a result of the treatment. The cyanide‐induced changes in activity of this enzyme in cotyledons (inhibition followed by stimulation) were similar to those in the whole embryo, whereas its changes in the embryonal axis (stimulation followed by inhibition) resembled CN‐induced changes in PK in axes of apple seeds submitted to cold stratification (Bogatek and Lewak 1988). The estimation of C6/C1 ratios partly confirmed these observations. A role of HCN‐induced modifications of PK activity in embryonal dormancy is proposed.

show abstract

supporting

confidence: 64%

Cyanide controls enzymes involved in lipid and sugar catabolism in dormant apple embryos during culture

Bogatek

Lewak

1991

Physiologia Plantarum

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In apple (Malus domestica) seeds, a decreased rate of glycolysis was observed during desiccation (Bogatek and Lewak, 1988). In our study, the transcript levels of many enzymes involved in Suc catabolism, including the glycolytic pathway and the TCA cycle, were downregulated in PEG-treated embryos (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

The Effects of Polyethylene Glycol on Gene Expression of Developing White Spruce Somatic Embryos

et al. 2003

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Somatic embryogenic cultures of white spruce (Picea glauca) represent a valuable system to study molecular mechanisms regulating embryo development because many embryos of defined developmental stages can be generated. The inclusion of polyethylene glycol (PEG) in the maturation medium can improve the number and quality of embryos produced. To learn more about the mechanism of action of PEG, we analyzed transcript profiles of stage-specific embryos matured without (control) or with (PEG treated) PEG. RNA extracted from maturing spruce embryos was analyzed on DNA microarrays containing 2,178 cDNAs from loblolly pine (Pinus taeda). The efficiency of heterologous hybridization between spruce and pine species on microarrays has been documented previously (L. van Zyl, S. von Arnold, P. Bozhkov, Y. Chen, U. Egertsdotter, J. MacKay, R. Sederoff, J. Shen, L. Zelena, D. Clapham [2002] Comp Funct Genomics 3: 306-318). Several pine genes, including the apparent homologs to the Arabidopsis genes ZWILLE, FIDDLEHEAD, FUSCA, and SCARECROW, increased in expression after PEG treatments. These genes are known to be involved in the formation of the embryo body plan and in the control of the shoot and root apical meristems. The increased transcript levels of these genes in immature PEG-treated embryos suggest that PEG may improve the quality of spruce somatic embryos by promoting normal differentiation of the embryonic shoot and root. Changes in the transcript levels of many genes involved in sucrose catabolism and nitrogen assimilation and utilization were also observed between control and PEG-treated embryos.Embryogenesis is a critical stage of the plant life cycle because it establishes the basic body plan. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms that regulate the process (Harada, 1999). This paucity of information is partially because of the location of the embryos, which are embedded within the maternal tissue and are difficult to dissect. The generation of embryos in culture through somatic embryogenesis has become a model system for investigating factors that affect embryo growth. Somatic embryogenesis provides a large number of embryos at defined stages of development, and allows alterations of the embryonic environment through manipulations of the culture conditions. White spruce (Picea glauca) is an economically important species in North America, utilized for pulpwood and lumber production (Hosie, 1979). Regeneration of this species via somatic embryogenesis (Hakman and Fowke, 1987;Lu and Thorpe, 1987) has represented a means of propagation and a model system for conducting physiological and biochemical studies (for review, see Stasolla et al., 2002). Generation of white spruce somatic embryos is commonly achieved by transferring embryogenic tissue onto an abscisic acid (ABA)-containing maturation medium (Lu and Thorpe, 1987). Although such embryos may appear "morphologically" mature, they do not perform well during postembryonic growth without the imposition of a drying period. Improvement of embryo quality can ...

show abstract

“…This has been evidenced by the demonstration of activities of key enzymes of these pathways: pyruvate kinase (PK) and phosphofructokinases (PPi-and ATP-dependent, PPi-PFK and ATP-PFK, respectively) for glycolysis, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) for PPP (Bogatek and Lewak 1988;Bogatek et al 1989;Bogatek 1995) and by the determination of the ratios of 14 CO 2 derived from 6-14 C-glucose to 14 CO 2 from 1-14 C-glucose (C 6 /C 1 ratio). Changes in this ratio during seed stratification indicate that glycolysis is the dominant way of sugar catabolism during the first few days of stratification and in embryos stratified for 50 days or longer, whereas PPP dominates between days 10 and 50 (Bogatek andLewak 1978, 1988).…”

Section: Carbohydrate Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic control of embryonic dormancy in apple seed: seven decades of research

Lewak

2010

Acta Physiol Plant

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Embryonic dormancy is defined as a set of blocks imposed upon a process(es) cardinal for growth. In apple seeds, all these blocks are removed as a result of cold treatment (stratification), but some of them are also affected by light and/or hormonal treatments. This review summarizes published data related to the modes of action of above factors on the changes in the levels of endogenous hormones and some other plant growth regulators (e.g., hydrogen cyanide), and on certain enzymes involved in mobilization of seed reserves and catabolism of their hydrolysis products. Phytochrome and activities of acid lipase and a protease have been indicated as receptors of light and low temperature, respectively. Several chains of events initiated by these two environmental factors and leading to dormancy removal are proposed, and the sites of their control by hormones and HCN are indicated. These chains are postulated to contribute to the elimination of particular blocks that hinder germination and therefore to be involved in the mechanisms of dormancy breakage.

show abstract

Effects of cyanide and cold treatment on sugar catabolism in apple seeds during dormancy removal

Cited by 35 publications

References 21 publications

Cyanide controls enzymes involved in lipid and sugar catabolism in dormant apple embryos during culture

Cyanide controls enzymes involved in lipid and sugar catabolism in dormant apple embryos during culture

The Effects of Polyethylene Glycol on Gene Expression of Developing White Spruce Somatic Embryos

Metabolic control of embryonic dormancy in apple seed: seven decades of research

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About