Effects of Cutting Date, Outdoor Storage Conditions, and Splitting on Survival of Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) in Firewood Logs

Abstract

The emerald ash borer Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) is an exotic pest of ash (Fraxinus spp.) in North America. We conducted studies in Michigan to evaluate how different tree cutting dates, outdoor storage conditions, and splitting affected A. planipennis survival in firewood logs. In 2002-2003, we cut logs from A. planipennis-infested ash trees each month, from July to October, and stored half of the logs in shade and half in full sun. In 2003-2004, we tested logs cut July-December; stored in sun versus shade; tarped versus untarped; and whole logs versus split logs. For both years, A. planipennis successfully emerged the summer after cutting from logs that represented all treatments and all cutting dates tested. Adult emergence density was significantly lower in logs cut in July and August. In 2003-2004, A. planipennis adult length was significantly shorter, and percentage of mortality was significantly higher for logs cut in August compared with later months. Emergence density was significantly lower for split logs compared with whole logs for all cutting months except for December. There was no significant difference in adult emergence density between logs stored in full sun versus shade in 2002-2003. In 2003-2004, untarped logs in full sun or shade had significantly lower adult emergence densities than tarped logs in the sun or shade. In conclusion, emergence, survival, and size of A. planipennis was significantly reduced if logs were cut early during larval development (July or August); splitting logs and storing them untarped in full sun or shade further reduced adult emergence. No treatment was 100% effective in preventing adult emergence.

Evaluation of Heat Treatment Schedules for Emerald Ash Borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)

“…Although prepupae are probably best able to survive to adults in cut wood, many commercial Þrewood producers use wood that has been cut during the summer, when earlier stage larvae are more abundant. Other studies suggest that early instar emerald ash borer and other Agrilus species have difÞculty developing to adults from early instar stages after trees have been harvested (Anderson 1944, Haack andBenjamin 1980), but Petrice and Haack (2006) found emerald ash borer adults emerging from wood cut as early as July indicating that emerald ash borer larvae are capable of developing in cut ash logs.…”

“…Emerald ash borer larvae can remain in logs and Þrewood for up to 2 yr after trees have been cut (Petrice and Haack 2006) and thus poses a serious risk if it is transported to a new location where adult beetles can emerge and colonize healthy ash trees. The movement of Þrewood within emerald ash borer infested states and into adjoining areas has been thought to be responsible for much of the spread of emerald ash borer throughout the U.S. and Canada (MDNR 2004, Petrice andHaack 2006).…”

“…The movement of Þrewood within emerald ash borer infested states and into adjoining areas has been thought to be responsible for much of the spread of emerald ash borer throughout the U.S. and Canada (MDNR 2004, Petrice andHaack 2006). Firewood producers typically harvest their wood within 160 km of their processing facility (S.W.M., unpublished data), however it is often sold to large retailers that commonly ship large volumes hundreds of miles (Stiles 2004).…”

Microbial control ofAgrilus planipennis(Coleoptera: Buprestidae) withBeauveriabassianastrain GHA: field applications

“…In Michigan, A. planipennis has a 1-or 2-year life cycle, with the four larval instars capable of overwintering in the outer sapwood or outer bark (Cappaert, McCullough, Poland, and Siegert 2005;Petrice and Haack 2006). Entomopathogenic fungi were identified as an important cause of mortality in field populations based on field surveys in Michigan (Bauer, Liu, Haack, Petrice, and Miller 2004).…”

Le bois de chauffage utilisé dans les campings de la Montérégie : un vecteur potentiel de propagation de l’agrile du frêne

“…Ce sont les larves qui causent les dégâts en creusant des galeries en forme de S sous l'écorce ( figure 1 b). De manière générale, au bout de 5 ans d'infestation, 98 % des frênes atteints meurent (McCullough et Katovich, 2004 Un des plus grands risques de dispersion de l'agrile du frêne réside dans le déplacement de produits infestés, en particulier le bois de chauffage, car les larves qui se trouvent sous l'écorce peuvent compléter leur cycle et émerger, entre avril et octobre (BenDor et collab., 2006 ;Muirhead et collab., 2006 ;Petrice et Haack, 2006 ;Haack et collab., 2010). Le cycle de l'insecte, généralement annuel (parfois 2 ans), débute entre la fin mai et la fin juillet, suivant l'émergence des adultes, alors que la femelle pond ses oeufs sur l'écorce et dans les crevasses de l'écorce des frênes.…”