Effects of Custom-made Mouthguards on Cardiopulmonary Exercise Capacity

Lässing, Johannes; Schulze, Antina; Kwast, Stefan; Falz, Roberto; Vondran, Maximilian; Schröter, Thomas; Borger, Michael A.; Busse, Martin

doi:10.1055/a-1236-3814

Cited by 8 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Respiratory protective devices or additional external breathing resistance showed similar effects on exercise capacity and ventilation 11 , 12 . Less marked, though comparable, results were obtained with the use of mouthguards 13 – 16 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Respiratory protective devices and respiratory filters have similar effects 9 , 11 . Exercise studies showed that an increased R AW can also significantly reduce V E under stress and can decrease work performance 11 , 12 , 16 , 18 . Similar results were also shown in studies with mouthguards where a slightly increased R AW and reduced respiratory parameters were observed at rest and during exercise 16 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prolonged or higher negative pleural pressure is assumed to improve the transmural pressure difference of the extrathoracic and intrathoracic vessels 25 , 26 . This may increase venous blood return and improve SV 16 , 18 , 25 – 27 . Use of a mouthguard increased the R AW , prolonged the T i , and increased the SV during physical stress 16 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This may increase venous blood return and improve SV 16 , 18 , 25 – 27 . Use of a mouthguard increased the R AW , prolonged the T i , and increased the SV during physical stress 16 . Similar results were reported in a study by Fikenzer et al 18 , which showed a trend toward an increased SV when using a SM, with a reduced V E and significantly extended T i .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of surgical face masks on cardiopulmonary parameters during steady state exercise

Lässing

Falz

Pökel

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

107

180

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Wearing face masks reduce the maximum physical performance. Sports and occupational activities are often associated with submaximal constant intensities. This prospective crossover study examined the effects of medical face masks during constant-load exercise. Fourteen healthy men (age 25.7 ± 3.5 years; height 183.8 ± 8.4 cm; weight 83.6 ± 8.4 kg) performed a lactate minimum test and a body plethysmography with and without masks. They were randomly assigned to two constant load tests at maximal lactate steady state with and without masks. The cardiopulmonary and metabolic responses were monitored using impedance cardiography and ergo-spirometry. The airway resistance was two-fold higher with the surgical mask (SM) than without the mask (SM 0.58 ± 0.16 kPa l−1 vs. control [Co] 0.32 ± 0.08 kPa l−1; p < 0.01). The constant load tests with masks compared with those without masks resulted in a significantly different ventilation (77.1 ± 9.3 l min−1 vs. 82.4 ± 10.7 l min−1; p < 0.01), oxygen uptake (33.1 ± 5 ml min−1 kg−1 vs. 34.5 ± 6 ml min−1 kg−1; p = 0.04), and heart rate (160.1 ± 11.2 bpm vs. 154.5 ± 11.4 bpm; p < 0.01). The mean cardiac output tended to be higher with a mask (28.6 ± 3.9 l min−1 vs. 25.9 ± 4.0 l min−1; p = 0.06). Similar blood pressure (177.2 ± 17.6 mmHg vs. 172.3 ± 15.8 mmHg; p = 0.33), delta lactate (4.7 ± 1.5 mmol l−1 vs. 4.3 ± 1.5 mmol l−1; p = 0.15), and rating of perceived exertion (6.9 ± 1.1 vs. 6.6 ± 1.1; p = 0.16) were observed with and without masks. Surgical face masks increase airway resistance and heart rate during steady state exercise in healthy volunteers. The perceived exertion and endurance performance were unchanged. These results may improve the assessment of wearing face masks during work and physical training.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Effects of surgical face masks on cardiopulmonary parameters during steady state exercise

Lässing

Falz

Pökel

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

107

180

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Body plethysmography (ZAN500 Body, nSpire Health GmbH, Germany) measurements were taken with the subject wearing a mask instead of a tube (Lässing et al 2020c ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decreased exercise capacity in young athletes using self-adapted mouthguards

et al. 2021

Self Cite

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Purpose There is evidence of both the preventive effects and poor acceptance of mouthguards. There are various effects on performance depending on the type of mouthguard model. Hemodynamic responses to wearing a mouthguard have not been described. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of self-adapted mouthguards with breathing channels (SAMGvent). Methods In this randomized crossover study, 17 healthy, active subjects (age 25.12 ± 2.19 years) underwent body plethysmography and performed two incremental exertion tests wearing a (SAMGvent) and not wearing (CON) a mouthguard. Blood lactate, spirometrics, and thoracic impedance were measured during these maximum exercise tests. Results The mean values using a SAMGvent revealed significantly greater airway resistance compared to CON (0.53 ± 0.16 kPa·L−1 vs. 0.35 ± 0.10 kPa·L−1, respectively; p = < 0.01). At maximum load, ventilation with SAMGvent was less than CON (118.4 ± 28.17 L min−1 vs. 128.2 ± 32.16 L min−1, respectively; p = < 0.01). At submaximal loads, blood lactate responses with SAMGvent were higher than CON (8.68 ± 2.20 mmol·L−1 vs. 7.89 ± 1.65 mmol·L−1, respectively; p < 0.01). Maximum performance with a SAMGvent was 265.9 ± 59.9 W, and without a mouthguard was 272.9 ± 60.8 W (p < 0.01). Maximum stroke volume was higher using a SAMGvent than without using a mouthguard (138.4 ± 29.9 mL vs. 130.2 ± 21.2 mL, respectively; p < 0.01). Conclusion Use of a self-adapted mouthguard led to increased metabolic effort and a significant reduction in ventilation parameters. Unchanged oxygen uptake may be the result of cardiopulmonary compensation and increased breathing efforts, which slightly affects performance. These results and the obvious preventive effects of mouthguards support their use in sports.

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The effects of custom‐made mouthguard design on physiological parameters and players' perception in rugby union

Karaganeva,

Tomlinson,

Pinner

et al. 2024

European Journal of Sport Science

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Some sports participants are often reluctant to wear a mouthguard due to issues with comfort, breathing and communication. However, there is limited evidence that investigates the use of custom‐made mouthguards and variations in design as key factors to minimise these issues. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the effect of custom‐made mouthguard design on cardiopulmonary function, exercise performance and perception of comfort in rugby union players. Fourteen rugby players (aged 20.2 ± 1.19 years) were recruited to undertake a rugby‐specific exercise protocol on a treadmill over four conditions (no mouthguard and three custom‐made mouthguard designs). Cardiopulmonary responses were assessed using breath‐by‐breath analysis, in conjunction with blood lactate (BLa) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE). Maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) was assessed before and after the study to identify any changes in players' level of performance. Participants scored each mouthguard in relation to preference, comfort, breathing, protection and retention. There were no differences in oxygen uptake (p = 0.785, = 0.021), ventilation (p = 0.952, = 0.007), respiratory exchange ratio (p = 0.564, = 0.039) and heart rate (p = 0.830, = 0.017), whilst participants performed with the selected custom‐made mouthguards. However, RPE was higher without a mouthguard than whilst using two of the mouthguards during the first 3 min of exercise, in combination with higher BLa accumulation (p ≤ 0.05). Although there was no statistical difference between mouthguard designs in the ratings around comfort, there was a preference towards mouthguards with reduced palatal coverage. Individual preference in design may improve compliance of wearing a mouthguard without affecting physiological parameters.

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Effects of Custom-made Mouthguards on Cardiopulmonary Exercise Capacity

Cited by 8 publications

References 39 publications

Effects of surgical face masks on cardiopulmonary parameters during steady state exercise

Effects of surgical face masks on cardiopulmonary parameters during steady state exercise

Decreased exercise capacity in young athletes using self-adapted mouthguards

The effects of custom‐made mouthguard design on physiological parameters and players' perception in rugby union

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