Effects of culture conditions on the mechanical and biological properties of engineered cartilage constructed with collagen hybrid scaffold and human mesenchymal stem cells

Sodium alginate/collagen composite multiscale porous scaffolds containing poly(ε-caprolactone) microspheres fabricated based on additive manufacturing technology

“…Low mechanical strength is not conducive to bearing compression and pull from external forces, and a fast degradation rate goes against cell differentiation and cartilage repair. [13][14][15][16][17][18] Moreover, the hydrophilic collagen scaffolds have difficulty loading hydrophobic drugs uniformly, which limits the application of collagen scaffold materials in drug loading and sustained release. 19,20 In addition, currently most of the prepared collagen scaffolds consist of singlepore structures, which do not satisfy the pore requirements for the multi-scale porous structures of cartilage.…”

Systematic Comparison of Biomaterials‐Based Strategies for Osteochondral and Chondral Repair in Large Animal Models

“…[94,95] Preliminary work, associated with the use of predifferentiation protocols, has evidenced outcomes ranging from: i) improved tissue regeneration; ii) no difference; or iii) worsening tissue quality. [95][96][97] Here, 5 out of 6 studies using MSCs applied a differentiation protocol prior to implantation, [93][94][95][96][97][98] employing distinct culture media formulations, and either TGF𝛽1 or TGF𝛽3 to induce differentiation. Four of these studies subsequently reported significantly improved cartilage regeneration compared to cell-free controls.…”