Effects of cryogenic temperature on some mechanical properties of beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) wood

Review of balsa core sandwich composite structures

“…In general, the mechanical properties of woods increase with decreasing temperature below 0 o C [156][157][158][159][160][161], although the magnitude of the property increase depends on the moisture content, wood grain density, load condition and other factors. Properties such as elastic modulus, compression strength and flexural strength increase with the temperature below freezing, with studies performed at temperatures as low as -196 o C. The mechanical properties increase due to freezing of water in the wood, with the strength of ice increasing with decreasing temperature [156,157,[159][160][161]. The properties also decrease due to hardening of the wood cell walls and stabilisation of the crystalline structure [156,157,[159][160][161].…”

“…Properties such as elastic modulus, compression strength and flexural strength increase with the temperature below freezing, with studies performed at temperatures as low as -196 o C. The mechanical properties increase due to freezing of water in the wood, with the strength of ice increasing with decreasing temperature [156,157,[159][160][161]. The properties also decrease due to hardening of the wood cell walls and stabilisation of the crystalline structure [156,157,[159][160][161]. Based on these studies on wood, it is expected that the mechanical properties of balsa will increase with decreasing temperature, thereby improving the properties of sandwich structures.…”

Effect of freezing temperature on impact bending strength and shore-D hardness of some wood species

“…When wood is cooled below room temperature, its mechanical properties tend to increase (Jiang et al 2014). There are some previous studies about the influence of cold temperatures on wood properties, including bending strength (Gerhards 1982;Jiang et al 2014;Zhao et al 2016;Özkan 2021), modulus of elasticity (Bekhta and Marutzky 2007;Ayrilmis et al 2010;Zhao et al 2015;Özkan 2021), and compressive strength (Gerhards 1982;Jiang et al 2014;Özkan 2021). These studies found significant increase of modulus of elasticity (MOE), compression strength, and bending strength with decreasing temperature.…”