Effects of cryogenic cooling on the surface integrity in hard turning of AISI D6 steel

Leadebal, Welber Vasconcelos; Melo, Anderson Clayton Alves de; Oliveira, Adilson José de; Castro, Nicolau Apoena

doi:10.1007/s40430-017-0922-6

Cited by 22 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Hard turning with cryogenics (i.e. cryogenic machining) helps to remove heat during cutting at a faster rate, which helps to increase tool life and also improves the surface finish [34]. Cryogenic cooling can be performed in three ways.…”

Section: Cutting Fluid and Lubrication Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview on economic machining of hardened steels by hard turning and its process variables

2019

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Producers of machined components and manufactured goods are continually challenged to reduce cost, improve quality, and minimize setup times in order to remain competitive. Frequently the answer is found with new technology solutions. In the recent years, there has been increasing interest in hard turning over grinding for machining of hardened steels in automotive, bearing, mold-die making industries. Hard turning is greatly affected by factors like machine tool, cutting tool geometry and materials, cutting parameters, and cooling methods. There are some issues in the process which should be understood and dealt with such as friction and heat generation at the cutting area that can affect the tool life and surface finish apart from other machining results to achieve successful performance. Researchers have worked upon several aspects related to hard turning and came up with their own recommendations to overcome these problems. This article presents an overview on all the factors that influences hard turning operations performance and is an attempt to give a proper understanding of the process. A summary of the hard turning techniques is outlined and further a comparison of hard turning and grinding is discussed with regard to certain evaluation criteria based on process economical efficiency.

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Section: Cutting Fluid and Lubrication Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview on economic machining of hardened steels by hard turning and its process variables

2019

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“…Similarly, Leadebal et al. 22 conducted turning experiments on AISI D6 tool steel under cryogenic condition and reported that surface roughness was reduced around 1.6 times compared to dry machining. Conversely, negative effects of excessive chipping and tool failure were observed while drilling of Inconel 718 using carbide drills.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a study by Dinesh et al, 21 it was observed that cryogenic machining of Zk60 Mg alloy resulted in reduction of 60% of cutting temperature, improving surface finish by 25-40%. Similarly, Leadebal et al 22 conducted turning experiments on AISI D6 tool steel under cryogenic condition and reported that surface roughness was reduced around 1.6 times compared to dry machining. Conversely, negative effects of excessive chipping and tool failure were observed while drilling of Inconel 718 using carbide drills.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance analysis of cryogenically treated plus tempered carbide inserts in turning of Inconel 718 using cryogenic minimum quantity lubrication cooling technique

Allu

Raju

Ramakrishna³

2019

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J:

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The present study deals with performance investigation of cryogenically treated plus tempered carbide inserts during machining of Inconel 718. A novel cooling approach of combined minimum quantity lubrication with cryogenic coolant, cryogenic minimum quantity lubrication is examined to improve the machinability of Inconel 718 and compared with dry, wet, minimum quantity lubrication, and cryogenic cooling conditions. Tool wear, cutting forces, and chip morphology were analyzed to evaluate the effect of cooling under different conditions. The results revealed that minimum quantity lubrication and cryogenic conditions exhibited superior performance than wet and dry conditions. However, severe tool fracture and cutting forces were observed in cryogenic machining which is an outcome of hardened surface of nickel alloy due to cryogenic fluid. Cryogenic minimum quantity lubrication was understood to be the best machining condition generating least cutting force and tool wear. Furthermore, examining chip morphology under scanning electron microscopy revealed that cryogenic minimum quantity lubrication performed stable machining.

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“…Several previous investigations have shown the many benefits of using LN2 as a cutting fluid in the turning of hardened steels instead of dry or conventional flood machining. In most cases these benefits are presented in terms of increased cutting tool life, and consequently decreased tool wear rate, increased workpiece surface hardness and surface compressive residual stresses, and improved surface roughness [9][10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of The Tool-Chip Interface Temperature In Cryogenic Hard Turning of Aisi D6 Tool Steel

Lima¹,

Melo

Oliveira

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Hard turning is considered a strong candidate to partially replace grinding in finishing operations. However, as in the grinding operation, hard turning produces high temperatures that contributes to accelerate the cutting tool wear. In order to minimize this effect, cutting fluids can be applied as an alternative, even when PCBN inserts are used as cutting tools. However, there are many drawbacks associated with the use of cutting fluids, particularly those of mineral base, as they are hazardous to the environment. In this context, the need for more eco-friendly cutting fluids is growing and liquid nitrogen (LN2) offers a promising alternative. Previous studies have shown that LN2 can significantly reduce the cutting tool wear rate in comparison with other cooling strategies, and this is normally attributed to a reduction in the tool-chip interface temperature. However, investigations on the tool-chip interface temperature in cryogenic machining are scarce in the literature, particularly with regard to the turning of tool steels, and this study was performed to partially fill this gap. The tool-chip interface temperature during the turning of quenched and tempered AISI D6 tool steel, under dry conditions and using LN2, was investigated. A tool-workpiece thermocouple system was developed for this purpose and calibrated using a data acquisition system based on the low-cost Arduino Uno platform. In the turning tests, liquid nitrogen was delivered at the tool flank face of PCBN inserts at three cutting speeds with a constant feed rate and depth of cut. The results showed that LN2 was effective in reducing the tool-chip interface temperature at the lowest cutting speed; however, when this cutting parameter was increased, the reduction in the interface temperature was minimal as compared with the dry condition.

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Effects of cryogenic cooling on the surface integrity in hard turning of AISI D6 steel

Cited by 22 publications

References 25 publications

An overview on economic machining of hardened steels by hard turning and its process variables

An overview on economic machining of hardened steels by hard turning and its process variables

Performance analysis of cryogenically treated plus tempered carbide inserts in turning of Inconel 718 using cryogenic minimum quantity lubrication cooling technique

Analysis of The Tool-Chip Interface Temperature In Cryogenic Hard Turning of Aisi D6 Tool Steel

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