Effects of Crosslink Distribution in Cotton Fibers

Frick, JR J.G.

doi:10.1177/004051758605600210

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Therefore, an intense effort was made to produce a dyeable smooth-dye fabric. Although several functional moieties were grafted to cellulose and evaluated (133)(134)(135)(136)(137)(138)(139)(140)(141), the moiety that seemed to hold the most promise was the quaternary group. The addition of this group to cotton led to a cationic cotton, which was dyeable using anionic dyes.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Cottonmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Textiles, Finishing

Calamari

Harper

2000

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

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Textile finishing includes various efforts to improve the properties of textile fabrics, whether for apparel, home, or other end uses. In particular, these processes are directed toward modifying either the fiber characteristics themselves or the gross textile end properties. Such modifications may be chemical or mechanical in nature. One modification that is not covered in this article relates to the dyeing of textiles and the dyestuffs employed for fibers; however, areas that involve chemical finishing designed to modify the normal dye receptivity and the growing use of enzyme treatments are included.Fibers have been used by humans for thousands of years, but only in the twentieth century has there been such an explosion in fiber types available to the textile manufacturer. The advent of synthetic fibers possessing improved resiliency and dimensional stability has placed natural fibers, particularly cotton (qv), at an ostensible disadvantage. Before synthetics, various means to control the shrinkage, dimensional stability, and smooth-dry performance of cotton had been investigated, but the appearance of synthetics such as polyester has placed a greater sense of urgency on cotton interests to focus on the perceived deficiencies of natural fibers.Textile finishing encompasses a broad range of approaches and may be directed toward needed properties such as shrinkage control or smooth-dry performance or toward developing properties for specific end uses such as flame retardance, soil release, smolder resistance, weather resistance, or control of static charges.From a historical point of view, mechanical finishing processes have been directed toward improving shrink resistance via compressive shrinkage (Sanforized process) or calender finishing to give surface effects, which include shreinering, chintz finishing, and embossing. These latter effects are semidurable, and can be made more permanent by cross-linking with resins. However, such cross-linked fabrics seem to suffer greater loss in tearing strength when cross-linked in the calendered state. The need for calendered fabrics has decreased with the advent of cross-linked cotton, but compressive shrinkage to control garment shrinkage remains a significant component in textile mill practice, particularly for products that receive little or no resin treatments.For fabrics of thermoplastic fibers, permanent effects are obtainable if heat and pressure are applied to soften the material. Processes dealing with carpets, nonwovens, and chemical modifications or additions that occur before the fiber is formed are not discussed herein (see Nonwoven fabrics).

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Section: Characteristics Of Cottonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The addition of this group to cotton led to a cationic cotton, which was dyeable using anionic dyes. The reactive module first used for this purpose in conjunction with a cross-linking system was choline chloride (7) (133)(134)(135)(136)(137)(138)(139)(140).…”

Section: Characteristics Of Cottonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Textiles, Finishing

Calamari

Harper

2000

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

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“…In comparison with the N-methylol compounds (DMDHEU, mDMDHEU), formaldehyde emissions can be eliminated by the use of DMeDHEU. However, a lower fixation of the DMeDHEU molecules is expected, resulting from steric hindrance and lower reactivity of the ring hydroxyl groups (-OH) in the 4,5 position, compared to the hydroxymethyl groups (-CH 2 -OH) of the N-methylol compounds, which makes the reaction with the OH groups of cellulose less likely (Jung et al 1969;Frick 1985Frick , 1986Bajaj 2002). Nevertheless, an appropriate catalyst may boost the reactivity, thus fixation of zero-formaldehyde DMeDHEU (Paul 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative studies on the durability and moisture performance of wood modified with cyclic N-methylol and N-methyl compounds

et al. 2021

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Glyoxal-based condensation resins like 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU) have been used to modify wood and improve its resistance against decaying fungi. High biological durability of DMDHEU-treated wood has already been confirmed in laboratory and field tests in the past. However, the modes of protective action behind an improved decay resistance are not fully understood yet. Furthermore, it is questionable how the use of formaldehyde-poor N-methylol and formaldehyde-free N-methyl compounds instead of DMDHEU affects the moisture behavior and durability, respectively. In this study, wood blocks were treated with N-methylol (DMDHEU, methylated DMDHEU) and N-methyl compounds (1,3-dimethyl-4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea; DMeDHEU). Untreated and modified specimens were exposed to different moisture regimes and wood-destroying fungi in order to study the indicators that control changes in the wetting ability and decay resistance. Both N-methylol and N-methyl compounds decreased the water uptake and release and increased the durability of Scots pine sapwood from ‘not durable’ (DC 5) to ‘very durable to durable’ (DC 1–2). However, high fluctuations were observed in water uptake and release as well as mass loss (ML) caused by fungal decay, when modified specimens were tested without passing through a cold-water leaching. Consequently, a significant effect of the leaching procedure according to EN 84 on the durability classification could be established. The latter appeared more pronounced for treatments with N-methyl compounds compared to N-methylol compounds. Finally, wetting ability (kwa) and resistance indicating factors (kinh) enabled a forecast of high biological durability for both treatments with N-methylol and N-methyl compounds under real service life conditions.

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“…The efficiency of glyoxal as a wrinkle-resistance finishing agent has been examined for cotton, ramie, and silk fabrics (Choi, et al, 1998;Choi, et al, 1999;Choi, et al, 2000;Frick and Harper, 1982;Frick and Harper, 1985;Frick, 1986;Hendrix, et al, 1986;Oh, et al, 2001;Welch and Danna, 1982;Welch, 1983Welch, , 1984Welch, et al, 1987;Choi, 2002). Using glyoxal as a wrinkle-resistance agent could eliminate several problems associated with polycarboxylic acids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inducing Durable Press in Ionically Crosslinked Cotton Fabric

Refai

Hashem²,

Hebeish³

2005

Research Journal of Textile and Apparel

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Significant enhancement in the performance of durable press cotton fabric could be achieved through the utilization of non- formaldehyde crosslinking agents along with ionic crosslinking. Ionic crosslinking was first effected by subjecting cotton fabric succesively to partial carboxymethylation using monochloroacetic acid and sodium hydroxide, then by cationization using 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride known commercially as Quat-188. While the partial carboxymethylation reaction introduces the negatively charged group in the cellulose chains of cotton, the cationization reaction introduces the positively charged groups, thereby causing ionic crosslinking. The ionically crosslinked cotton was then crosslinked using either glyoxal, epichlorohydrin, or gluteral-dehyde. Most of the results obtained indicated that a balance between wet and dry wrinkle recovery angles that acquired a value as high as 300° could be obtained without loss in tensile strength and elongation at break. The results also revealed that the degree of ionic crosslinking relies on the nitrogen and carboxyl contents of the finished fabric as well as on the nature of the non-formaldehyde finishing agent used. Indeed the results of this work present a new approach to the durable press finishing of cotton, and mill trials should be conducted.

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Effects of Crosslink Distribution in Cotton Fibers

Cited by 7 publications

References 9 publications

Textiles, Finishing

Textiles, Finishing

Comparative studies on the durability and moisture performance of wood modified with cyclic N-methylol and N-methyl compounds

Inducing Durable Press in Ionically Crosslinked Cotton Fabric

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