Effects of crop rotation and residue management on bread wheat

Abstract

The objective of this study was to determine the influence of crop rotation and crop residue management on wheat yield and yield components with four crop rotations [wheat-wheat-wheatrapeseed-wheat (WWWRW), wheat-sugar beet-wheat-potato-wheat (WSWPW), wheat-maize-wheatpotato-wheat (WMWPW) and wheat monoculture for the whole period (WWWWW)] and three levels of retaining crop residues to soil (0, 50 and 100% produced crop residues to soil) were allocated to main and sub plots, respectively. Results showed that the effect of different crop rotations on the plant height, spike number per square metre, seed number per spike; economic yield and biological yield of wheat were significant. There were significant differences between different levels of crop residues to soil for wheat spike length, spike and seed number. Interaction between different crop rotation and returning crop residues to soil had significant effect on plant height, spike length, seed number, economic and biological yield in wheat. Wheat seed yield were increased 37, 21 and 33% in WWWRW, WSWPW, WMWPW compared with wheat monoculture, respectively. As this application of crop residues affected wheat yield and yield components, the highest yield was observed in 100% returning all crop residues to soil. Although the application of adding crop residues to soil is a feasible alternative for farmers to enhance yield, the quantity and quality residue is the main factor for incorporation. Sowing wheat in rotation with rapeseed improved seed yield compared with monoculture.

Effect of Crop Sequences, Crop Residues, Sulfur Application and N-Fertilizer on Wheat Crop Grown on Sandy Calcareous Soils

“…Also, there were significant increases on wheat plant height at final harvest as a result of crop residues incorporated in soil surface layer in crop sequence 1, 2, 3 and 4 as compared with its counterpart sequences but with crop residues completely removed. These results are similar to those mentioned by Feizabady, 2013;Rahman, 2004 on wheat plants.…”

“…The 1000 grains weight varied from 45.0 g in sequence 1 without crop residues to 49.7 g in sequence 4 +CR ( Table 7). The results of this field experiment are in accordance with those obtained by other investigators confirming the stimulative effect of crop residues and crop rotation, especially on newly cultivated soils with low organic matter for improvement of wheat growth and yield components (Feizabady 2013;Jan et al, 2012;Usman et al 2014).…”

“…Buried residues of both crops appeared to decompose faster than when left on the soil surface and lupine residues decomposed faster than oat residues. Also, Feizabady, 2013 reported that in the short-term, benefit of crop rotation is increased crop yield, which would likely increase crop profitability, but in the long-term, rotations with high residue-producing crops increase the total soil C and N concentrations over time, which may further improve soil productivity.…”

Phenylalanine and Tyrosine as Exogenous Precursors of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Secondary Metabolism through PAL-Associated Pathways

“…Most of the crops, including wheat, are grown as monocultures. This method of growing involves increased stress on plants from both biotic and abiotic factors [1][2][3]. Studying plant metabolism characteristics is a natural step towards the improvement of growth and productivity of plants, especially through the intensification of secondary metabolic processes, such as synthesis of phenolic compounds and lignin-an important element of cell walls.…”

Effect of phosphorous, rhizobium inoculation and residue types on chickpea productivity

“…As residues are good sources of plant nutrients, both farmers and researchers have shown more curiosity in management of residue types. Usually, it acts as valuable management tool because of high costs of inorganic fertilizers and less yield in monoculture cropping systems [18]. Research studies have revealed that residues enhanced soil fertility, crop productivity, reduced wind and water erosion and prevented nutrients leaching and losses by run-off [19].…”