Effects of Creatine Supplementation and Three Days of Resistance Training on Muscle Strength,power Output, and Neuromuscular Function

The effects of gender and very short-term resistance training on peak torque, average power and neuromuscular responses of the forearm flexors

“…The subjects of Beck et al [2], how- Table 1 Isokinetic forearm flexion peak torque (PT), average power (AP), electromyographic amplitude (EMG AMP) and mean power frequency (EMG MPF), and mechanomyographic amplitude (MMG AMP) and mean power frequency (MMG MPF) values (mean ± SEM) at 60 and 180 • /s in men and women ever, trained at a faster velocity (180 • /s versus 60 • /s) and performed 25% fewer total repetitions (120 versus 150) than the subjects in the present study. Thus, the results of the present study in conjunction with those of previous studies [5,6,8] indicate that three training sessions increase forearm flexion PT in men, but not women.…”

“…While VST studies [3,6,8,9] have reported 6.0 to 40.2% increases in PT, there is conflicting evidence regarding increases in muscular power. For example, Cramer et al [8] reported that following three training sessions of the leg extensors, PT increased (6.0%) without a change in muscular power. Garnica [11], however, reported increases in arm extension PT (10.0-18.0%) and muscular power (9.1-37.0%) following four weeks of training (12 training sessions).…”

“…Although VST has been shown to increase leg extension PT in both men and women [3,[7][8][9] it has been reported that for the forearm flexors, maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) and PT increased in men only [5,6]. For example, Traylor et al [6] and Traylor et al [5] trained the forearm flexors of men and women and reported increases in MVIC (11.0%) and PT (13.0-17.0%) in men, but no changes in women.…”

“…Previous VST studies [3,[5][6][7][8][9]11] have examined various parameters related to muscle function including peak torque (PT), muscular power, and the rate of velocity development. While VST studies [3,6,8,9] have reported 6.0 to 40.2% increases in PT, there is conflicting evidence regarding increases in muscular power.…”

“…Specifically, Bodor [31] hypothesized that MMG AMP is proportional to muscular power and he stated that, "In the case of muscles and other machines, power generation is often accompanied by vibration, and thus it is not surprising to find that the amplitude of vibration in muscles is proportional to the level of power generation (or absorption)." Based on the results of previous VST studies [2,3,5,6,8,9] it was hypothesized that three training sessions would increase PT, EMG MPF, and MMG MPF of the forearm flexors at 60 and 180 • /s for the men only, without changes to AP, EMG AMP, or MMG AMP for the men or women. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of sex on PT, AP, and time (AMP) and frequency (MPF) domain parameters of the EMG and MMG signals following VST of the forearm flexors.…”