Effects of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health of children and adolescents: A systematic review of survey studies

Theberath, Monique; Bauer, David A; Chen, Weizhi; Salinas, Manisha; Mohabbat, Arya B.; Yang, Juan; Chon, Tony Y.; Bauer, Brent A.; Wahner‐Roedler, Dietlind L.

doi:10.1177/20503121221086712

Cited by 130 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(196 reference statements)

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“… 7 Social isolation and consequent stress added to functional and cognitive impairments among children. 8 , 9 In the presence of wide scale school closures, online P.E. classes were one of the solutions to provide a meaningful contribution to children’s physical activity, and to possibly mitigate some of the health and mental health consequences such as unhealthy weight gain, and increased rates of depression and anxiety.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ringing the bell for quality P.E.: What are the realities of remote physical education?

Kovács

Csányi

Blagus

et al. 2022

European Journal of Public Health

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Background To date, few data on the quality and quantity of online physical education (P.E.) during the COVID-19 pandemic have been published. We assessed activity in online classes and reported allocated curriculum time for P.E. in a multi-national sample of European children (6–18 years). Methods Data from two online surveys were analysed. A total of 8395 children were included in the first round (May–June 2020) and 24 302 in the second round (January–February 2021). Results Activity levels during P.E. classes were low in spring 2020, particularly among the youngest children and in certain countries. 27.9% of students did not do any online P.E. and 15.7% were hardly ever very active. Only 18.4% were always very active and 14.9% reported being very active quite often. In winter 2020, we observed a large variability in the allocated curriculum time for P.E. In many countries, this was lower than the compulsory requirements. Only 65.7% of respondents had the same number of P.E. lessons than before pandemic, while 23.8% had less P.E., and 6.8% claimed to have no P.E. lessons. Rates for no P.E. were especially high among secondary school students, and in large cities and megapolises. Conclusions During the COVID-19 pandemic, European children were provided much less P.E. in quantity and quality than before the pandemic. Countermeasures are needed to ensure that these changes do not become permanent. Particular attention is needed in large cities and megapolises. The critical role of P.E. for students’ health and development must be strengthened in the school system.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ringing the bell for quality P.E.: What are the realities of remote physical education?

Kovács

Csányi

Blagus

et al. 2022

European Journal of Public Health

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“…The novel pandemic situation, associated with SARS-CoV-2 virus transmission and resulting social isolation, caused numerous changes in the everyday lives of not only adults [ 1 ], but also children and adolescents [ 2 ]. The changes are associated with numerous aspects of everyday life, including physical, mental, and social health [ 3 ], resulting from loneliness, stress, anxiety, and depression [ 4 ]. Those changes resulted from the restrictions associated with social distance and home isolation, as well as from the social and economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Association between Adolescents’ Food Habits and Body Mass Change in a Population-Based Sample: Diet and Activity of Youth during COVID-19 (DAY-19) Study

Kołota

Głąbska

2022

IJERPH

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The COVID-19 pandemic may have contributed to food habit changes, including some negative ones that may increase the risk of overweight and obesity. The aim of the study was to analyze the association between adolescents’ food habits, body mass change, as well as physical activity level in a population-based sample within the Diet and Activity of Youth during COVID-19 (DAY-19) Study. The DAY-19 Study was conducted in a cohort of 1333 students (aged 10–16 years) recruited in schools after stratified random quota sampling of primary schools (sampling counties within voivodeships and schools within counties) in June 2020. The food habits were assessed for the period of the COVID-19 pandemic and the period before the COVID-19 pandemic while using Adolescent Food Habits Checklist (AFHC). The body mass changes were assessed based on body weight and height for the period of the COVID-19 pandemic and the period before the COVID-19 pandemic while using Polish growth reference values. The physical activity changes were assessed based on the subjective assessment of adolescents. It was stated that for female adolescents declaring body mass gain during the COVID-19 pandemic the highest AFHC purchase scores (healthy purchase habits) (p < 0.0001) were accompanied by the lowest AFHC consumption score (unhealthy consumption habits) (p < 0.0001), as well as for female adolescents declaring physical activity decrease during the COVID-19 pandemic the highest AFHC purchase scores (healthy purchase habits) were observed (p = 0.0333). It was stated that for male adolescents declaring physical activity increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, the highest AFHC consumption scores (healthy consumption habits) were observed (p = 0.0003). In the case of a majority of participants, the general food habits were unchanged, which was observed mainly for food habits associated with food preparation. More food habits changes associated with the COVID-19 pandemic resulting in body mass changes were observed in females than in male adolescents. Body mass gain during the COVID-19 pandemic in adolescents may have resulted from unhealthy consumption habits, accompanied by decreased physical activity, in spite of the fact that this sub-group presented healthy purchase habits, which was observed especially for female adolescents.

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“…In addition, the absence of in-person contacts with their peers, classmates, and even teachers could have a significant impact on children, pre-adolescents, and adolescents’ psychosocial well-being [ 7 , 8 ]. Previous studies showed that the prolonged home confinement affected children, pre-adolescents, and adolescents in terms of symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress, as well as feelings of worry, anger, fear, fatigue, loneliness, and uneasiness [ 9 , 10 , 11 ]; these were among the most commonly reported psychological consequences. As such, one can assume that the pandemic might lead to long-term consequences for children, pre-adolescents, and adolescents [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perception of Changing Habits among Italian Children and Adolescents during COVID-19 Quarantine: An Epidemiological Study

et al. 2022

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We used an epidemiological study to explore the perception of change in several psychosocial dimensions during the COVID-19 quarantine. We focused on emotions, use of social network sites (SNSs), family life, important relationships, body functions, and school life. Using snowball recruitment, N = 1047 Italian children, pre-adolescents, and adolescents (M = 13.74 ± 3.59) were selected to complete ad hoc online questionnaires. A differential semantic inventory plot was prepared to analyze the emotional experience of children, pre-adolescents, and adolescents during quarantine compared to the pre-quarantine period. The Kruskal–Wallis test was run to assess gender and age differences in emotions experienced, habitual SNS use, and the experience of attending classes remotely. A post hoc Wilcoxon test was performed to compare such differences. Results showed that most of the sample (93.1%) attended classes using technological devices and reported missing their classmates very much (59.3%). Adolescents experienced more negative emotions (M = 3.69 ± 1.33) than pre-adolescents (M = 4.64 ± 1.32), who experienced negative emotions more than children (M = 5.11 ± 1.24). Females were more prone to experience negative emotions compared to males. Adolescents were also the most prolific SNS users (78.1%), particularly female adolescents. Overall, these finding highlight the necessity of preserving the emotional state and relational well-being of youth in these developmental phases by considering their school and social lives.

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Effects of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health of children and adolescents: A systematic review of survey studies

Cited by 130 publications

References 54 publications

Ringing the bell for quality P.E.: What are the realities of remote physical education?

Ringing the bell for quality P.E.: What are the realities of remote physical education?

Analysis of Association between Adolescents’ Food Habits and Body Mass Change in a Population-Based Sample: Diet and Activity of Youth during COVID-19 (DAY-19) Study

Perception of Changing Habits among Italian Children and Adolescents during COVID-19 Quarantine: An Epidemiological Study

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