Effects of Cottonseed and Alfalfa Meals as Fertilizers on Production of Palmetto Bass (<i>Morone saxatilis</i>×<i>M. chrysops</i>) Fingerlings in Plastic-Lined Ponds

Buurma, Brian J.; Barkoh, Aaron; Alexander, Glenda

doi:10.1300/j028v06n03_06

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Ultimately, ponds treated with cottonseed meal had greater fish production. Buurma et al (1996) cultured palmetto bass (striped bass Morone saxatilis ϫ white bass M. chrysops) in plasticlined ponds with alfalfa and cottonseed meals and found similar results as Barkoh et al (1996) with regard to water chemistry, zooplankton, and harvest. Barkoh (1996) found that ponds treated with organic fertilizers had greater survival of striped bass but lower growth rates than did those treated with inorganic fertilizers, which suggested that organic fertilization alone did not produce enough food for their stocking density.…”

supporting

confidence: 65%

“…Fish of this size tend to accept formulated diets better than smaller fish do (Malison and Held 1996). Although numerous fertilization studies have been conducted on earthen ponds used for fish culture, relatively little research has been done on fertilization regimens of plastic-lined ponds (Barkoh 1996;Barkoh et al 1996;Buurma et al 1996;Rogge 2001). Of these studies, only Rogge (2001) evaluated fertilization regimens for walleye fingerling culture.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Organic and Mixed Organic–Inorganic Fertilization of Plastic‐Lined Ponds for Fingerling Walleye Culture

2003

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Treatment with organic fertilizer was compared with treatment involving a mix of organic and inorganic fertilizers for culture of walleye Stizostedion vitreum fingerlings in 0.04-ha plastic-lined ponds. Organic fertilization consisted of weekly additions of alfalfa and cottonseed pellets. Each type of organic fertilizer was applied to each pond at 2.3 kg/week. Nitrogen (36-0-0 as N-P-K) and phosphorus (12-49-6) fertilizers were used weekly to adjust the ratio of nitratenitrogen to total phosphorus ratios in the mixed-fertilizer treatment to 7:1. Nutrient values in ponds treated with organic fertilizer were similar to those in ponds treated with the organic-inorganic mix. However, the water used to fill the ponds was initially high in both nitrogen and phosphorus, which may have reduced the nutrient differences between treatments. There were also no differences in food base densities (zooplankton and benthos) or fingerling production between treatments. Concentrations of dissolved oxygen at pond bottoms were sometimes less than 1 mg/L in the morning in both treatments; however, this had no apparent effect on fingerling survival in either treatment. Daphnia spp. and copepod populations sharply declined in both treatments after fish were stocked, suggesting that larval walleyes immediately fed on these crustaceans. Zooplankton populations remained low until near the end of the season. Benthic invertebrate densities were high throughout the season in both treatments and showed no differences between treatments. Stomach content analyses revealed walleye fingerlings consumed Daphnia spp. and copepods throughout the experiment, whereas dipteran larvae became increasingly important once walleyes reached 20 mm, about 2 weeks into the experiment. Both fertilization treatments produced relatively large fish (0.57 g) with good survival rates (Ͼ50%). The results from this study suggest that dipteran management is important for providing food items for larval walleyes and that high initial nutrient levels from water sources may reduce the requirements for inorganic enrichment in plasticlined ponds for walleye culture.

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confidence: 65%

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confidence: 99%

Organic and Mixed Organic–Inorganic Fertilization of Plastic‐Lined Ponds for Fingerling Walleye Culture

2003

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“…Further, rice bran and alfalfa meal have relatively high carbon and low N and P compared with cottonseed meal (Anderson 1993b). Several researchers (e.g., Ludwig and Tackett 1991;Mims et al 1991Mims et al , 1993Kurten et al 1995;Buurma et al 1996) have compared different organic fertilizers, but we are unaware of any study comparing rice bran, cottonseed meal, and alfalfa meal side-by-side in the absence of fish and with emphasis on pH and zooplankton population dynamics. We conducted this study to determine if rice bran promotes lower pH and higher densities of zooplankton than cottonseed meal or alfalfa meal.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of Rice Bran, Cottonseed Meal, and Alfalfa Meal on pH and Zooplankton

et al. 2005

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Rice bran (RB), cottonseed meal (CSM), and alfalfa meal (ALF) were compared as organic fertilizers for their effects on pH and zooplankton abundance in limnocorrals that lacked fish. The weight (W) and nitrogen (N) content of CSM, which served as the control, were used to determine the other applications (RB‐N, RB‐W, ALF‐N and ALF‐W). Temperature, dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll a, ammonia nitrogen, and zooplankton densities were monitored for 8 weeks to simulate the average period for phase 1 production of striped bass Morone saxatilis (38–50 mm). Rice bran promoted better water quality than ALF or CSM when application rates were based on nitrogen content. The pH was lowest for RB‐N, intermediate for ALF‐N, and highest for CSM. Chlorophyll a was a function of nitrogen input, and the high‐nitrogen applications (CSM, ALF‐N, and RB‐N) supported similar phytoplankton standing crops that were 38–62% greater than the corresponding low‐nitrogen applications (ALF‐W and RB‐W). Water temperature and dissolved oxygen concentrations were similar among applications, and total ammonia nitrogen was below detectable levels for all applications. Overall mean densities of rotifers, nauplii, adult copepods, adult crustaceans, and total zooplankton did not differ significantly among applications. However, the mean density of cladocerans was significantly higher for RB‐N and ALF‐N than for ALF‐W. The densities of cladocerans, adult copepods, adult crustaceans, and total zooplankton correlated strongly with chlorophyll a but not with the quantities of fertilizers applied, indicating that phytoplankton probably was the primary food for these zooplankters. Based on pH, RB was better than CSM or ALF, but all had similar effects on zooplankton when application rates were based on nitrogen.

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“…A survey from 2010 revealed that although it has become a common practice (96% of facilities) to fertilize ponds during phase I production, the use of commercial diets early in the culture period was not as prevalent (Wamboldt ). Disconnect among various pond culture practices may be related to the divergent management suggestions found among the peer‐reviewed literature regarding pond fertilization of striped bass and hybrid striped bass ponds (Geiger , ; Geiger et al ; Farquhar ; Barkoh ; Buurma et al ; Ludwig , ; Barkoh et al ) in relation to the utility of early feeding. However, it is unclear if the practice of providing commercial diets is less common than pond fertilization protocols because of a perceived notion that the actual production benefits do not offset the higher cost of feeding.…”

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confidence: 99%

Commercial Diets in Phase I Palmetto Bass, Morone saxatilis × Morone chrysops, Production in Plastic‐lined Ponds: Fertilizer or Feed?

Wamboldt

Wanamaker

Morris

2015

J World Aquaculture Soc

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The role of offering a commercial pelleted diet has been characterized as both an expensive organic fertilizer and as a selected food item for larval hybrid striped bass (palmetto), Morone saxatilis × Morone chrysops, culture operations. In this study, we examined the effects of providing a commercial diet on fish production and zooplankton dynamics during phase I culture in plastic-lined ponds. We also sought to estimate relative dietary contribution of a commercial fish feed relative to natural pond biota using stable isotope tissue analysis. Palmetto bass were stocked into six 0.04-ha plastic-lined ponds at a rate of 125,000/ha. During the 31-d culture period, ponds were fertilized with alfalfa pellets at a rate of 112 kg/ha/wk. At 14 d post-stock (dps), Silver Cup Trout Fry diet was offered at a rate of 13.6 kg/ha/d and fertilization was discontinued in three ponds. Although mean final fish length was significantly greater within the fed treatment, no other production parameters were found to be different (P < 0.1). Following feed application, copepod concentrations within the fed ponds were greater in magnitude by 24 dps. Through stable isotope tissue analysis, we found a significant enrichment in both 13 C and 15 of fish, zooplankton, and Chironomidae larvae within the fed ponds (P < 0.10). Using a three-source mixing model, the mean (±SE) percent composition of feed in the fish's isotopic signature increased from 5% ±2 to 20% ±6 within 16 d. Although fish production was not greatly affected through the addition of a commercial fish feed, enriched 13 C and 15 of fish tissue indicate that palmetto bass fingerlings increasingly utilized the prepared diets over time. However, based on the isotopic values of fish and potential food sources, it can be estimated that natural pond biota likely accounted for up to 80% of nutrient assimilation in the hybrid striped bass.

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Effects of Cottonseed and Alfalfa Meals as Fertilizers on Production of Palmetto Bass (Morone saxatilis×M. chrysops) Fingerlings in Plastic-Lined Ponds

Cited by 8 publications

References 6 publications

Organic and Mixed Organic–Inorganic Fertilization of Plastic‐Lined Ponds for Fingerling Walleye Culture

Organic and Mixed Organic–Inorganic Fertilization of Plastic‐Lined Ponds for Fingerling Walleye Culture

Effects of Rice Bran, Cottonseed Meal, and Alfalfa Meal on pH and Zooplankton

Commercial Diets in Phase I Palmetto Bass, Morone saxatilis × Morone chrysops, Production in Plastic‐lined Ponds: Fertilizer or Feed?

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