Effects of corpus callosum section on functional compensation in the posteromedial lateral suprasylvian visual area after early visual cortex damage in cats

Tong, Lillian; Spear, Peter D.; Kalil, Ronald E.

doi:10.1002/cne.902560111

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…receptive field properties that are indistinguishable from those in intact cats Tong, Kalil, & Spear, 1984;Tong, Spear, & Kalil, 1987). It is not yet clear, however, how the output from PMLS and related lateral cortical areas controls neurons in other brain areas, such as the superior colliculus and pretectum, which are involved in essential aspects of the spared visually guided behaviors described in the present article.…”

Section: Lateral Suprasylvian Cortexmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…Neurons in area PMLS depend upon inputs from area 17 and 18 for the generation of normal receptive field properties and several features of the receptive fields are eliminated when areas 17 and 18 are removed (Hubel & Wiesel, 1969; Spear & Baumann, 1979). However, when these same areas are removed before a kitten is between 12 and 18 weeks of age, area PMLS undergoes a physiological compensation and the majority of neurons have receptive field properties that are indistinguishable from those in intact cats (McCall, Tong, & Spear, 1988; Spear, Tong, & McCall, 1988; Tong, Kalil, & Spear, 1984; Tonk, Spear, & Kalil, 1987). It is not yet clear, however, how the output from PMLS and related lateral cortical areas controls neurons in other brain areas, such as the superior colliculus and pretectum, which are involved in essential aspects of the spared visually guided behaviors described in the present article.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differential sparing of depth perception, orienting, and optokinetic nystagmus after neonatal versus adult lesions of cortical areas 17, 18, and 19 in the cat.

Shupert¹,

Cornwell²,

Payne³

1993

Behavioral Neuroscience

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Performance by cats with lesions of the visual cortex made in infancy or adulthood was examined on tasks of visually guided behavior that do not require specific training. Cats with lesions confined to areas 17, 18, and 19 made during the 1st postnatal week showed more sparing of function on a visual cliff, at orienting to targets suddenly appearing in the visual field, and at optokinetic nystagmus than did cats with equivalent damage incurred as adults. Cats with lesions that included areas 17, 18, 19 and most of the contiguous visual areas were severely impaired at all tasks whether the lesions were incurred neonatally or in adulthood. These findings suggest that sparing of vision after neonatal lesions of cortical areas 17, 18, and 19 is not confined to pattern learning tasks and that remaining lateral cortical visual areas are importantly involved in such sparing.

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Section: Lateral Suprasylvian Cortexmentioning

confidence: 64%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential sparing of depth perception, orienting, and optokinetic nystagmus after neonatal versus adult lesions of cortical areas 17, 18, and 19 in the cat.

Shupert¹,

Cornwell²,

Payne³

1993

Behavioral Neuroscience

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“…First, this input is extensive in adult cats (Keller & Innocenti, 1981;Segraves & Rosenquist, 1982) and potentially even more widespread in kittens (Innocenti & Clarke, 1984). Second, callosal inputs are partly responsible for another form of binocular compensation in the LS visual area, one that follows neonatal damage to the striate cortex Tong et al, 1987). Third, in Siamese cats, in contrast to other areas of their visual cortex, a majority of neurons in area LS are binocular: a special feature that is mediated by callosal input (Marzi et al, 1980;Zeki & Fries, 1980).…”

Section: Anatomical Basismentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism of anomalous retinal correspondence: Maintenance of binocularity with alteration of receptive-field position in the lateral suprasylvian (LS) visual area of strabismic cats

Grant

Berman

1991

Vis Neurosci

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We have examined the effects of rearing kittens with a unilateral convergent strabismus, induced surgically at 3 weeks of age, on the binocularity (ocular dominance) and receptive-field position of neurons in the motionsensitive lateral suprasylvian (LS) area of cat extrastriate cortex. Data were compared to those obtained from area 17 in the same animals, and from the two areas of cortex in normal adult cats. Interocular alignment of the operated cats was assessed in alert adults using corneal reflex photography and during recording from the positions of retinal landmarks under paralysis. The strabismus magnitude in each operated cat was calculated by comparison with equivalent data from the normal animals.Strabismus always caused a major loss of binocularity in area 17. The remaining binocular neurons had receptive-field (RF) pairs arising from positions of normal correspondence in the two retinae and would thus have been responsive to different regions of visual space through the misaligned eyes in the alert animal. In area LS, the effects were dependent on the strabismus magnitude. In the group of four cats with pronounced strabismus (18-30 deg crossed), a loss of binocularity occurred in area LS equivalent in severity to that in area 17. The majority of the remaining binocular LS neurons possessed RF pairs in normal retinal correspondence and would thus, in the alert animal, have received spatially disparate visual input through the two eyes. This also occurred in three other cats with more moderate strabismus (11-15 deg crossed), although only a small breakdown in the binocularity of area LS was apparent. The group of cats with mild strabismus (<10 deg crossed) had normal proportions of binocular neurons in area LS. In three of these cats, the maintenance of binocularity was accompanied by shifts in RF position, with visual inputs arising from anomalous retinal locations. These shifts compensated, in part, for the strabismus angle present in each cat, so that most of the binocular LS neurons would have received inputs from regions of visual correspondence through the misaligned eyes when the animal was alert.Similar mechanisms could afford a basis for the binocular visual compensations that occur in humans with small-angle strabismus of early onset. If so, anomalous retinal correspondence in such individuals would have as a locus areas of extrastriate cortex with a role in motion perception, and would involve alterations to the neural substrate underlying normal binocular vision.

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“…The idea that intact brain areas may reorganize their activity to compensate for other functionally impaired areas (e.g., because of cerebral lesions or degenerations) is not new. For example, back at the end of the last century, several papers by Spear, Tong, et al [100][101][102] reported that the posteromedial lateral suprasylvian (PMLS) visual cortical area in the cat showed physiological compensation after damage to hierarchically lower visual areas (Brodmann's 17, 18, and 19), provided that the damage occurred early in the animal's life. Even if such compensation could not completely overcome the deficits [101], PMLS neurons could develop the properties they would have had in the absence of brain damage.…”

Section: Neural Plasticity and Compensatory Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of the Cerebellar Function in Anticipatory Postural Adjustments and of the Compensatory Mechanisms Developing in Neural Dysfunctions

et al. 2020

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This review aims to highlight the important contribution of the cerebellum in the Anticipatory Postural Adjustments (APAs). These are unconscious muscular activities, accompanying every voluntary movement, which are crucial for optimizing motor performance by contrasting any destabilization of the whole body and of each single segment. Moreover, APAs are deeply involved in initiating the displacement of the center of mass in whole-body reaching movements or when starting gait. Here we present literature that illustrates how the peculiar abilities of the cerebellum i) to predict, and contrast in advance, the upcoming mechanical events; ii) to adapt motor outputs to the mechanical context, and iii) to control the temporal relationship between task-relevant events, are all exploited in the APA control. Moreover, recent papers are discussed which underline the key role of cerebellum ontogenesis in the correct maturation of APAs. Finally, on the basis of a survey of animal and human studies about cortical and subcortical compensatory processes that follow brain lesions, we propose a candidate neural network that could compensate for cerebellar deficits and suggest how to verify such a hypothesis.

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Effects of corpus callosum section on functional compensation in the posteromedial lateral suprasylvian visual area after early visual cortex damage in cats

Cited by 12 publications

References 24 publications

Differential sparing of depth perception, orienting, and optokinetic nystagmus after neonatal versus adult lesions of cortical areas 17, 18, and 19 in the cat.

Differential sparing of depth perception, orienting, and optokinetic nystagmus after neonatal versus adult lesions of cortical areas 17, 18, and 19 in the cat.

Mechanism of anomalous retinal correspondence: Maintenance of binocularity with alteration of receptive-field position in the lateral suprasylvian (LS) visual area of strabismic cats

Overview of the Cerebellar Function in Anticipatory Postural Adjustments and of the Compensatory Mechanisms Developing in Neural Dysfunctions

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