Effects of cord milking in late preterm infants and full‐term infants: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Abstract

Background Umbilical cord milking (UCM) consists of performing several milkings of the cord from the placenta to the newborn. The objective was to evaluate the effects of UCM on newborns ≥34 weeks’ gestation. Methods Searches were conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, the Cochrane Database of Clinical Trials, and the clinicaltrails.gov database for randomized clinical trials (RCT), with no time or language restrictions, and for articles that compared UCM with other strategies. The main results were initial hemoglobin and hemoglobin after 6 weeks. The data were collected by two reviewers and the quality of the studies was assessed using the Cochrane Manual methodology. Results The sample included 1845 newborns in 10 RCTs. The use of UCM in ≥34 weeks’ gestation newborns was not related to initial hemoglobin levels (pooled weighted mean difference: (PWMD = 0.40 g/L [−0.16 to 0.95]) or after 6 weeks (PWMD = 0.07 g/L [−0.29 to 0.27]). A reduction in hemoglobin levels was also observed at 6 weeks when the control group had undergone late clamping (PWDM = 0.16g/L [−0.26 to −0.06]). Conclusions UCM produced no differences in hematologic variables for newborns with ≥34 weeks of gestation relative to controls. However, a slight decrease in hemoglobin levels is observed at 6 weeks when the control group is made up of newborns with late clamping.

[Retracted] MRI Imaging Omics and Risk Factors Analysis of PWMD in Premature Infants Based on Fuzzy Clustering Algorithm

“…Incandescent water sensitivity and cerebral vascular regulation in low birth weight preterm infants: oligodendrocytes, oxygen sensitivity, and immune system function development are not yet mature, in the face of environmental stimuli such as hypoxia and ischemia, and inflammation can be collected by the regulation system of specific interventions to improve, in anaerobic infection, under the influence of factors such as damage to deep brain white matter, and stimulates release of oxygen-free radicals and proinflammatory factor. It increases the permeability of white matter medullary vein in brain tissue and causes current lesions [ 13 ].…”

Umbilical cord milking and delayed cord clamping for the prevention of neonatal hypoglycaemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Despite including more studies than all reviews to date [ 15 , 17 , 19 , 101 , 102 ], we found no evidence for the effect of UCM on incidence of hypoglycaemia, and only one small study showing no significant difference in blood glucose concentrations between UCM and DCC groups [ 32 ]. In line with findings from previous reviews, we also found no significant differences in UCM compared to control groups for neonatal mortality or length of hospital stay [ 19 , 101 , 102 ], and no difference in risk of neurological impairment. However, data from large, well-designed studies for hypoglycaemia outcomes are lacking.…”

A review on development of placental transfusion in term and preterm infants

“…Given the above-mentioned issues with DCC, Umbilical cord milking (UCM) is another method of placental transfusion. For term infants, UCM has similar effects compared with DCC, and even superior to DCC in some respects ( 30 , 31 ). The cord is milked only once in C-UCM, and the blood volume obtained by C-UCM may be less than that obtained by I-UCM ( 32 ).…”