Effects of Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control on traffic flow stability

Schakel, Wouter; Arem, Bart van; Netten, B.D.

doi:10.1109/itsc.2010.5625133

Cited by 185 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…On the other hand, AVs have the ability to change the road capacity especially if they are able to form platoons and cooperate with each other. Even with intermediate automated driving capabilities such as adaptive cruise control there could be improvements in traffic-flow stability and efficiency, and therefore an increase on road capacity (Arem et al, 2006;Arnaout and Bowling, 2011;Hoogendoorn et al, 2014;Schakel et al, 2010;Tampère et al, 2009). A higher road capacity relates to less congestion when other factors are kept constant.…”

Section: Implications For Cost-benefit Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

On the impact of vehicle automation on the value of travel time while performing work and leisure activities in a car: Theoretical insights and results from a stated preference survey

Correia

Looff

Cranenburgh

et al. 2019

Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice

Self Cite

101

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A B S T R A C TMany experts believe the transport system is about to change dramatically. This change is due to so-called fully-automated vehicles (AVs). However, at present, there are numerous important knowledge gaps that need to be solved for the successful integration of AVs in our transport systems, in particular regarding the impacts of AVs on travel demand. For instance, full automation will enable passengers to perform other, non-driving, related tasks while traveling to their destination. This may substantially change the way in which passengers experience traveling by car, and, in turn, may lead to considerable changes in the so-called Value of Travel Time (VOTT). Many experts anticipate the VOTT to decrease substantially due to AVs. However, the extent to which VOTT will change is currently far from clear. This study aims to develop new insights on the potential impacts of fully automated vehicles on the VOTT for commute trips. To do so, we first look at the existing microeconomics theory on the perceived VOTT and analyze the expected changes accrued from the effect of working and having leisure in an AV. We conclude that the VOTT of a work vehicle should be lower than what is experienced today in a conventional vehicle but the leisure one could stay the same. Then we conduct a stated choice experiment, specifically designed and administered for measuring the VOTT, and analyze these data using discrete choice models (DCMs). In total, we collected data from about 500 respondents. In the experiment, respondents were presented choice tasks consisting of three alternatives: an AV with office interior, an AV with leisure interior, and a conventional car. The same experiment was also given to another sample of respondents but this time describing a chauffeur-driven vehicle. Overall we find the average VOTT for an AV with an office interior (5.50€/h) to be lower than the VOTT for the conventional car (7.47€/h), however the AV with leisure interior is not found to decrease the value of time (8.17€/h) which confirms the theoretical results. The VOTT for the chauffeur experiment is systematically lower than for the AV experiment which we attribute to some distrust that people have regarding the AVs.

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Section: Implications For Cost-benefit Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

On the impact of vehicle automation on the value of travel time while performing work and leisure activities in a car: Theoretical insights and results from a stated preference survey

Correia

Looff

Cranenburgh

et al. 2019

Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice

Self Cite

101

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…A new car-following model for CACC vehicles was introduced and the results show CACC dramatically improving traffic flow with a reasonable increment in the market penetration. Lately, [19] introduced a modified version of the IDM controller (IDM+) for studying traffic flow stability. Experimental results based on a 50-vehicle platoon where recommended acceleration or braking commands were suggested to the driver were also shown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling cooperative and autonomous adaptive cruise control dynamic responses using experimental data

Milanés¹,

Shladover²

2014

Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies

775

411

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Vehicle longitudinal control systems such as (commercially available) autonomous Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) and its more sophisticated variant Cooperative ACC (CACC) could potentially have significant impacts on traffic flow. Accurate models of the dynamic responses of both of these systems are needed to produce realistic predictions of their effects on highway capacity and traffic flow dynamics. This paper describes the development of models of both ACC and CACC control systems that are based on real experimental data. To this end, four production vehicles were equipped with a commercial ACC system and a newly developed CACC controller. The Intelligent Driver Model (IDM) that has been widely used for ACC car-following modeling was also implemented on the production vehicles. These controllers were tested in different traffic situations in order to measure the actual responses of the vehicles. Test results indicate that: 1) the IDM controller when implemented in our experimental test vehicles does not perceptibly follow the speed changes of the preceding vehicle; 2) consecutive strings of ACC vehicles are unstable, amplifying the speed variations of preceding vehicles; and 3) consecutive strings of CACC vehicles overcome these limitations, providing smooth and stable car following responses. Simple but accurate models of the ACC and CACC vehicle following dynamics were derived from the actual measured responses of the vehicles and applied to simulations of some simple multi-vehicle car following scenarios.

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“…Kesting et al (2005) also consider the effect of AVs on the capacity drop after congestion. The impact of AVs on traffic stability has, amongst others, been studied by Schakel et al (2010). VanMiddlesworth et al (2008) studied AVs in intersections management, whereas Van Driel and Van Arem (2010) considered the effect of AVs on both traffic flow efficiency and traffic safety.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preferences of travellers for using automated vehicles as last mile public transport of multimodal train trips

Yap

Correia

Arem

2016

Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice

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177

136

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a b s t r a c tIn the recent years many developments took place regarding automated vehicles (AVs) technology. It is however unknown to which extent the share of the existing transport modes will change as result of AVs introduction as another public transport option. This study is the first where detailed traveller preferences for AVs are explored and compared to existing modes. Its main objective is to position AVs in the transportation market and understand the sensitivity of travellers towards some of their attributes, focusing particularly on the use of these vehicles as egress mode of train trips. Because fully-automated vehicles are not yet a reality and they entail a potentially high disruptive way on how we use automobiles today, we apply a stated preference experiment where the role of attitudes in perceiving the utility of AVs is particularly explored in addition to the classical instrumental variables and several socio-economic variables. The estimated discrete choice model shows that first class train travellers on average prefer the use of AVs as egress mode, compared to the use of bicycle or bus/tram/metro as egress. We therefore conclude that AVs as last mile transport between the train station and the final destination have most potential for first class train travellers. Results show that in-vehicle time in AVs is experienced more negatively than in-vehicle time in manually driven cars. This suggests that travellers do not perceive the theoretical advantage of being able to perform other tasks during the trip in an automated vehicle, at least not yet. Results also show that travellers' attitudes regarding trust and sustainability of AVs are playing an important role in AVs attractiveness, which leads to uncertainty on how people will react when AVs are introduced in practice. We therefore state the importance of paying sufficient attention to these psychological factors, next to classic instrumental attributes like travel time and costs, before and during the implementation process of AVs as a public transport alternative. We recommend the extension of this research to revealed preference studies, thereby using the results of field studies.

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Effects of Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control on traffic flow stability

Cited by 185 publications

References 9 publications

On the impact of vehicle automation on the value of travel time while performing work and leisure activities in a car: Theoretical insights and results from a stated preference survey

On the impact of vehicle automation on the value of travel time while performing work and leisure activities in a car: Theoretical insights and results from a stated preference survey

Modeling cooperative and autonomous adaptive cruise control dynamic responses using experimental data

Preferences of travellers for using automated vehicles as last mile public transport of multimodal train trips

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