Effects of Cooling Parameter and Cryogenic Treatment on Microstructure and Fracture Toughness of AISI D2 Tool Steel

Moscoso, Mauro Francisco Castro; Ramos, Fabiano Dornelles; Lessa, Cleber Rodrigo de Lima; Cunha, Pedro Henrique Costa Pereira da; Toniolo, Juliano Cantarelli; Lemos, Guilherme Vieira Braga

doi:10.1007/s11665-020-05285-9

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Soaking of samples at cryogenic temperature allows the precipitation of carbides. Size and density of carbides greatly affected by soaking period [66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76] as shown in Figure 6. • Ramp Up-Sample which is soaked at cryogenic temperature for hours is then warmed to room temperature.…”

Section: Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Soaking of samples at cryogenic temperature allows the precipitation of carbides. Size and density of carbides greatly affected by soaking period 66–76 as shown in Figure 6.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Soaking of samples at cryogenic temperature allows the precipitation of carbides. Size and density of carbides greatly affected by soaking period 66–76 as shown in Figure 6. Ramp Up -Sample which is soaked at cryogenic temperature for hours is then warmed to room temperature. Tempering - It is a process in which material is heated below recrystallization temperature. From cryo- literature it is found that better results are obtained when tempering is performed after cryogenic operation in cycle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of cryogenic treatment on properties of materials: A review

Singh

Pandey

2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E:

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The objective of this review paper is to introduce Cryogenic temperature effect on different properties of materials. Results showed that cryogenic operation improves properties like hardness, fatigue strength, tensile strength, toughness and resistance to wear in comparison to conventional operations. The improvement is a result of microstructural changes at cryogenic temperature which helps in conversion of austenite to martensite and carbide nucleation. The results also showed that doing tempering before or after cryogenic operation has significant influence on material properties which helps to achieve better carbide distribution. Different heat treatment sequences which involve tempering before or after Deep Cryogenic Treatment (DCT), provides varied results. Soaking time at cryogenic temperature also has an important role in refinement of microstructure and affect material properties.

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Section: Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Soaking of samples at cryogenic temperature allows the precipitation of carbides. Size and density of carbides greatly affected by soaking period 66–76 as shown in Figure 6.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of cryogenic treatment on properties of materials: A review

Singh

Pandey

2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E:

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“…It is possible to observe that DCT implies in an increase about 64.8% of carbides percentage. According to Das et al [2][3][4] and Moscoso et al [22] the carbon atoms trapped into martensite lattice are expelled during DCT for the surrounding dislocations. This carbon combined with the alloying elements forms transition carbides that, over time, become finely precipitated secondary carbides of the M 23 C 6 type.…”

Section: Heat Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep cryogenic treatment in AISI D2 tool steel punches to enhance tool life

Ramos¹,

Bairros²,

Moscoso³

2021

Tecnol. Metal. Mater. Min.

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New materials and heat treatment are being developed worldwide to improve tool life. Tool steels are expensive due to the alloying elements and fabrication costs. Therefore, the maximization of tool life keeping good surface finishing is especially important to keep the processes attractiveness. The application of cryogenic treatment is promising to enhance mechanical and metallurgical properties of cold work tool steel parts. The possibility of increasing the finer secondary carbides content and decreasing amount of retained austenite during deep cryogenic treatment (DCT) is also an important matter for industry. The aim of this work is to improve tool life by applying DCT in AISI D2 cutting punches and compare these results with punches treated by conventional heat treatment (CHT), vacuum furnace quenching plus triple tempering.The tests used for analyses were: metallography, X-ray diffraction, carbides fraction, hardness and number of parts produced by each punch (practical test). The results indicate that the DCT punches have an enhancement of approximately 50% in its useful life.

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“…The sub-zero treatment is applied under different conditions (soaking period, soaking temperatures, and rate of cooling) according to the material properties. 6,7 In addition, the tempering process is a factor that determines the effect of the sub-zero treatment. The tempering process can be applied to materials before or after the sub-zero treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of deep sub-zero treatment on the wear behavior of CPPU steel at different temperatures

Akıncıoğlu

2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E:

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In recent years, many studies have been carried out on the effect of sub-zero treatments on the tribological properties of steels. However, in friction tests performed at different temperatures, the effect of the deep sub-zero treatment is uncertain. This study, it was aimed to increase the wear resistance of CPPU steel at different temperatures (room temperature and 150 °C) with deep subzero process treatment (−150 °C). Friction wear tests were carried out on a pin-on-disc vertical tester according to ASTM standard G99-05. Field emission scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy were used for worn surface analyses. In tests performed at 150 °C, the friction coefficient was reduced by 110.33% and the wear resistance was increased by 101.66% with the sub-zero treatment compared to the conventional heat treatment. The deep sub-zero treatment reduced the adhesive wear.

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Effects of Cooling Parameter and Cryogenic Treatment on Microstructure and Fracture Toughness of AISI D2 Tool Steel

Cited by 9 publications

References 24 publications

Effect of cryogenic treatment on properties of materials: A review

Effect of cryogenic treatment on properties of materials: A review

Deep cryogenic treatment in AISI D2 tool steel punches to enhance tool life

Effect of deep sub-zero treatment on the wear behavior of CPPU steel at different temperatures

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