Effects of cooling dry cows under heat load conditions on mammary gland enzymatic activity, intake of food and water, and performance during the dry period and after parturition

Adin, G.; Gelman, A. L.; Solomon, R.; Flamenbaum, I.; Nikbachat, M.; Yosef, Edith; Zenou, A.; Shamay, Avi; Feuermann, Yonatan; Mabjeesh, S.J.; Miron, J.

doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2009.01.014

Cited by 70 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…They found no differences in colostrum IgG concentration between cows under HT and CL treatments during late gestation period (Tao et al, 2012). Others (Nardone et al, 1997;Adin et al, 2009), however, reported reduced colostrum IgG concentration due to late gestation heat stress.…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

Late-gestation heat stress abatement on performance and behavior of Holstein dairy cows

Karimi

Ghorbani

Kargar

et al. 2015

Journal of Dairy Science

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The objective of this study was to evaluate cooling to lessen the effects of heat stress during the last 3 wk of gestation on performance and behavior of multiparous Holstein cows. Twenty nonlactating cows were randomly assigned to treatments approximately 21 d before their expected calving date based on mature equivalent milk production and parity. Treatments were only imposed during the last 3 wk of gestation and included heat stress (HT; n=10) and cooling (CL; n=10), both under a similar photoperiod (14 h of light and 10 h of dark). Dry cows were housed in a sand-bedded stall with the stall areas for CL cows equipped with sprinklers and fans that were on from 0700 to 1900 h, whereas those for the HT cows were not. After parturition, all cows were housed in a barn with cooling devices. Rectal temperatures were measured daily at 1400 h and respiration rates were recorded by counting the flank movements for 1 min at 1500 h on odd days over the last 3 wk of gestation to calving. Daily dry matter intake was measured from -21 d relative to expected calving to 21 d after calving and milk production was recorded daily up to 180 d in milk. Behavioral changes of dry cows were studied continuously for 24 h at -10 d relative to expected calving. The average temperature-humidity index during the last 3 wk of gestation was 69.7 and was not significantly different between treatments. Heat-stressed cows exhibited greater rectal temperatures (39.5 vs. 39.2°C), greater respiration rates (70.4 vs. 63.3 breaths/min), and decreased dry matter intake (13.7 vs. 15.5 kg/d) compared with CL cows. Compared with HT cows, CL cows produced more milk during 180 d in milk (40.5 vs. 44.6 kg/d). Heat stress decreased ruminating (243.2 vs. 282.5 min/d) and chewing times (390.6 vs. 448.7 min/d) at -10 d before calving. The CL cows had shorter standing times than their HT counterparts (390.4 vs. 474.0 min/d). These results confirm that heat stress abatement in the late gestation period improves performance of dairy cows in subsequent lactation.

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mentioning

confidence: 92%

Late-gestation heat stress abatement on performance and behavior of Holstein dairy cows

Karimi

Ghorbani

Kargar

et al. 2015

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…Dairy cattle also spend less time lying when exposed to hot temperatures (Overton et al, 2002;Legrand et al, 2011). In addition to behavioral responses, HS in dairy cattle reduces feed intake (Adin et al, 2009), milk production (Collier et al, 2006), and reproductive performance (Hansen, 2009). Heat exposure before parturition caused decreased neutrophil phagocytosis and oxidative burst (do Amaral et al, 2011) after animals were returned to a thermoneutral environment following calving.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute brief heat stress in late gestation alters neonatal calf innate immune functions

Strong

Silva

Cheng

et al. 2015

Journal of Dairy Science

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Heat stress, as one of the environmental stressors affecting the dairy industry, compromises the cow milk production, immune function, and reproductive system. However, few studies have looked at how prenatal heat stress (HS) affects the offspring. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of HS during late gestation on calf immunity. Calves were born to cows exposed to evaporative cooling (CT) or HS (cyclic 23-35°C) for 1 wk at 3 wk before calving. Both bull and heifer calves (CT, n=10; HS, n=10) were housed in similar environmental temperatures after birth. Both CT and HS calves received 3.78 L of pooled colostrum within 12 h after birth and were fed the same diet throughout the study. In addition to tumor necrosis factor α, IL-1β, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), and toll-like receptor (TLR)2, and TLR4 mRNA expression, the expression of CD14(+) and CD18(+) cells, and DEC205(+) dendritic cells were determined in whole blood samples at d 0, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28. The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, differential cell counts, and the hematocrit were also determined. During late gestation, the HS cows had greater respiration rates, rectal temperatures, and tended to spend more time standing compared with the CT cows. The HS calves had less expression of tumor necrosis factor-α and TLR2 and greater levels of IL-1β, IL-1RA, and TLR4 compared with CT calves. The HS calves also had a greater percentage of CD18(+) cells compared with the CT calves. Additionally, a greater percentage of neutrophils and lesser percentage of lymphocytes were in the HS calves compared with the CT calves. The results indicate that biomarkers of calves' immunity are affected in the first several weeks after birth by HS in the dam during late gestation.

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“…Besides monitoring, it is also important to develop adaptation strategies to keep track of changing environmental conditions. Among the adaptation opportunities available is that of cooling the cows' environment (Armstrong 1994;Correa-Calderon et al 2004;Avendaño-Reyes et al 2006;Smith et al 2006;Adin et al 2009). Examination of the adaptability of various cooling methods could be the subject of a further study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing climate in Hungary and trends in the annual number of heat stress days

et al. 2010

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Global climate change can have serious direct effects on animal health and production through heat stress. In Hungary, the number of heat stress days per year (YNHD), i.e., days when the temperature humidity index (THI) is above a specific comfort threshold, has increased in recent years based on observed meteorological data. Between 1973 and 2008, the countrywide average increase in YNHD was 4.1% per year. Climate scenarios based on regional climate models (RCM) were used to predict possible changes in YNHD for the near future (2021-2050) relative to the reference period (1961-1990). This comparison shows that, in Hungary, the 30-year mean of YNHD is expected to increase by between 1 and 27 days, depending on the RCM used. Half of the scenarios investigated in this study predicted that, in large parts of Hungary, YNHD will increase by at least 1 week. However, the increase observed in the past, and that predicted for the near future, is spatially heterogeneous, and areas that currently have large cattle populations are expected to be affected more severely than other regions.

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Effects of cooling dry cows under heat load conditions on mammary gland enzymatic activity, intake of food and water, and performance during the dry period and after parturition

Cited by 70 publications

References 23 publications

Late-gestation heat stress abatement on performance and behavior of Holstein dairy cows

Late-gestation heat stress abatement on performance and behavior of Holstein dairy cows

Acute brief heat stress in late gestation alters neonatal calf innate immune functions

Changing climate in Hungary and trends in the annual number of heat stress days

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