Effects of Contrast Agents in Susceptibility Weighted Imaging

Deistung, Andreas; Reichenbach, Jürgen R.

doi:10.1002/9780470905203.ch26

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…Here, C is the Gd concentration used at perfusion, D WM,ext is a free parameter representing the fraction of extracellular WM that is occupied by Gd solution, χ m,Gd is the molar susceptibility of Gd , and I is the identity matrix. The susceptibility tensor representing the magnetically anisotropic lipid chain in myelin, χ my , is the best‐fit tensor calculated by Wharton and Bowtell and yields susceptibility anisotropy, χ 11 – (χ 22 + χ 33 ) / 2 = −180 ppb, which is consistent with the value estimated by Lounila et al for oriented lipids in lipoprotein shells (−223 ppb).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural origins of gadolinium‐enhanced susceptibility contrast and anisotropy

Dibb

Cofer

2014

Magnetic Resonance in Med

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Purpose MR histology based on magnetic susceptibility can be used to visualize diamagnetic myelin (and its deterioration) in the central nervous system and is facilitated by the application of high magnetic field strengths and paramagnetic contrast agents. Characterizing the effect of these tools will aid in assessing white matter myelin content and microstructure. Methods Image data from six gadolinium-perfused mouse brain specimens were acquired at 2.0, 7.0, and 9.4 Tesla. Magnetic susceptibility contrast was analyzed for its dependence on field strength, gadolinium concentration, and white matter fiber orientation. A model for this contrast is presented based on the three-pool model for white matter. Results The specimen data illustrate that white-gray matter susceptibility contrast is field strength independent. White-gray matter contrast improves significantly as a function of gadolinium contrast agent in the tissue—i.e., white matter appears increasingly more diamagnetic relative to gray matter. The simulated data from the model suggest that susceptibility anisotropy of white matter fiber bundles increases nonlinearly as a function of gadolinium concentration due to contrast agent compartmentalization into the extracellular white matter water pool. Conclusion Using contrast agents in MR histology facilitates white-gray matter susceptibility contrast modulation and the probing of white matter microstructure and orientation.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural origins of gadolinium‐enhanced susceptibility contrast and anisotropy

Dibb

Cofer

2014

Magnetic Resonance in Med

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“…Doping water with (super)paramagnetic metal based contrast agents such as nickel salt, copper sulfate, manganese chloride (Pan et al, 2011), gadolinium chelates (Chan and Wong, 2007), iron oxides, etc., is a frequently employed method to alter the T 1 , T 2 -values (see Table 3.5 in (Tofts, 2004)), as well as for inducing magnetic susceptibility effects (Deistung and Reichenbach, 2011) in phantoms.…”

Section: Physical Phantoms To Validate Brain Microstructurementioning

confidence: 99%

Physical and numerical phantoms for the validation of brain microstructural MRI: A cookbook

Fieremans

Lee

2018

NeuroImage

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Phantoms, both numerical (software) and physical (hardware), can serve as a gold standard for the validation of MRI methods probing the brain microstructure. This review aims to provide guidelines on how to build, implement, or choose the right phantom for a particular application, along with an overview of the current state-of-the-art of phantoms dedicated to study brain microstructure with MRI. For physical phantoms, we discuss the essential requirements and relevant characteristics of both the (NMR visible) liquid and (NMR invisible) phantom materials that induce relevant microstructural features detectable via MRI, based on diffusion, intra-voxel incoherent motion, magnetization transfer or magnetic susceptibility weighted contrast. In particular, for diffusion MRI, many useful phantoms have been proposed, ranging from simple liquids to advanced biomimetic phantoms consisting of hollow or plain microfibers and capillaries. For numerical phantoms, the focus is on Monte Carlo simulations of random walk, for which the basic principles, along with useful criteria to check and potential pitfalls are reviewed, in addition to a literature overview highlighting recent advances. While many phantoms exist already, the current review aims to stimulate further research in the field and to address remaining needs.

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Effects of Contrast Agents in Susceptibility Weighted Imaging

Cited by 2 publications

References 80 publications

Microstructural origins of gadolinium‐enhanced susceptibility contrast and anisotropy

Microstructural origins of gadolinium‐enhanced susceptibility contrast and anisotropy

Physical and numerical phantoms for the validation of brain microstructural MRI: A cookbook

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