Effects of continuous and intermittent carbon dioxide enrichment on fruit set and yield of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.).

Nederhoff, E.M.; Uffelen, J. A. M. van

doi:10.18174/njas.v36i3.16671

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…Temperature affects abortion rates, as an increase in average daily temperature from 16°C to 24°C increased abortion from 59% to 83% (Bakker, 1988). Moreover, water, nutrient, and CO 2 supply influence the abortion of the reproductive organs (Nederhoff and van Uffelen, 1988;Wubs et al, 2009a). A reduction in the abortion rates improves the sweet pepper yield.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yield Gap Analysis of Sweet Pepper in Protected Cultivations Between Korea and The Netherlands

Kleijbeuker,

Lee

2019

HST

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yield Gap Analysis of Sweet Pepper in Protected Cultivations Between Korea and The Netherlands

Kleijbeuker,

Lee

2019

HST

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“…3); and daily drainage rate, 30% to 40%. However, not only the source-tosink conditions within plants but also the high and low temperatures (<16 or <32 C) (Bosland and Votava, 2012), lack of fertigation (positive correlation between irrigation level and fresh yields) (de Souza et al, 2019), and CO 2 application during the winter season (Nederhoff and van Uffelen, 1988) considerably change the amount of fruit set as well. Therefore, we consider that our presented hypothesis has validity within the range of the environments used during this experiment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dry Matter Production and Fruit Sink Strength Affect Fruit Set Ratio of Greenhouse Sweet Pepper

Homma

Watabe

Ahn

et al. 2022

J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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We investigated the relationships among the fruit set, dry matter production, and source-to-sink ratio of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum) plants grown in a greenhouse. We quantified daily fruit sink strength per stem (st) at m days after transplanting (SSTm_st) by modeling the fruit growth curve. The daily total dry matter production (TDMm_st) was calculated and defined as the source strength. During an experiment lasting ≈250 days, the fruit set ratio [number of fruit harvested/number of flowers (FSRm)] decreased significantly with increases in both the weekly average SSTm_st from 9 days before anthesis (DBA) to 13 days after anthesis (DAA) and the weekly average fruit number (FRNm_st) from 9 to 1 DBA. FSRm increased significantly with increases in both the weekly average TDMm_st from 1 to 13 DAA and the weekly average source-to-sink ratio [source strength/fruit sink strength (SSRm_st)] from 5 DBA to 13 DAA. During the whole experimental period, significant positive correlations with FSRm were observed for TDMm_st and SSRm_st, and significant negative correlations with FSRm were observed for SSTm_st and FRNm_st. FSRm increased until approximately the time when the weekly average SSRm_st at 1 to 7 DAA (anthesis to 156°C⋅d−1) ranged from 1.0 to 4.0; then, it showed a saturation curve at SSRm_st values more than 4.0 (R2 = 0.81). These results suggest that it is possible to moderate the fluctuations in sweet pepper yield by monitoring the SSRm_st and the number of fruit set.

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“…Elevated CO2 has been widely adopted as a gas fertilizer in greenhouse vegetable cultivation, particularly in recent decades as greenhouse technologies have improved (Mortensen 1987, Bisbis et al 2018 Dieleman et al (2007) observed that the effect of CO2 on fruit abortion was apparent throughout the whole cultivation period rather than in the short term where fruit set also related with the number of growing fruit. Nederhoff and Van Uffelen (1988) studied the effect on fruit set and yield of sweet pepper (C. annuum) subjected to six CO2 treatments. They found that fruit set enhanced by 450 µmol mol −1 CO2 level compared to 344 µmol mol −1 (ambient) level, partly due to improved photosynthesis.…”

Section: Chapter 1 General Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of greenhouse microclimate and water quality on nutrient uptake in pepper hydroponic crop

Ροπόκης¹

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The nutrient to water uptake ratios, henceforth termed “uptake concentrations” (UC), remain relatively constant over time under similar climatic conditions for a particular plant species and developmental stage. Under greenhouses with low temperature (LT) conditions, the uptake of nutrients may be altered in a different manner than that of the water and thus their UC may be different than in greenhouses with standard temperature (ST) conditions. In the Mediterranean regions, sweet pepper is frequently cultivated in unheated greenhouses in which the temperature during the winter may drop to suboptimal or even lower levels. In these areas, the available irrigation water frequently contains sodium chloride but also calcium bicarbonate, which at excessively high concentrations in closed hydroponic crops can impose Ca accumulation in the recycled NS and concomitantly negatively affect fruit yield and quality of the produce.Taking the above into consideration there were established three studies:In the first study, pepper plants of the cultivars ‘Sammy’ and ‘Orangery’, self-grafted or grafted onto two commercial rootstocks ('Robusto' and 'Terrano'), were cultivated in a greenhouse under either ST or LT conditions. The aim of the study was to test the impact of grafting and greenhouse temperature on total yield, water use efficiency and nutrient uptake. The LT regime reduced yield by about 50% in ‘Sammy’ and 33% in ‘Orangery’, irrespective of the grafting combination. Grafting of ‘Sammy’ onto both 'Robusto' and 'Terrano' increased the total fruit yield by 39% and 34% compared with the self-grafted control, while grafting of ‘Orangery’ increased yield only when the rootstock was ‘Terrano’. The yield increase resulted exclusively from enhancement of the fruit number per plant. Both the water consumption and the water use efficiency were suppressed by the LT regime but the temperature effect interacted with the rootstock/scion combination. The LT increased the UC of K, Ca, Mg, N, and Mn, while it decreased strongly that of P and slightly the UC of Fe, and Zn. The UC of K and Mg were influenced by the rootstock/scion combination but this effect interacted with the temperature regime. In contrast, the Ca, N, and P concentrations were not influenced by the grafting combination. The results of the present study show that the impact of grafting on yield and nutrient uptake in pepper depend not merely on the rootstock genotype but on the rootstock/scion combination.In the second study, mean UC of macro- and micronutrients were determined during five developmental stages in different pepper cultivars grown in a closed hydroponic system by measuring the water uptake and the nutrient removal from the RNS. The experiment was conducted in a Mediterranean environment and the tested cultivars were ‘Orangery’, ‘Bellisa’, ‘Sondela’, ‘Sammy’ self-grafted and ‘Sammy’ grafted onto the commercial rootstock `RS10'. ‘Sondela’ exhibited significantly higher ΝΟ3, Μg, Ca and B UC in comparison with all other cultivars, while Bellisa exhibited higher K UC. The UC of all nutrients were similar in the grafted and the non-grafted ‘Sammy’ plants. The UC of macronutrients estimated in the second study (mmol L-1) ranged from 2.4 to 3.7 for Ca, 1.0 to 1.5 for Mg, 6.2 to 9.0 for K, 11.7 to 13.7 for N, and 0.7 to 1.1 for P. The UC of N, K, Ca and Mg were appreciably higher than the corresponding values found under Dutch climatic conditions, while that of P was similar in both environments during the vegetative stage and higher thereafter. The UC of Fe, Zn and B tended to decrease with time, while that of Mn increased initially and subsequently decreased slightly during the reproductive developmental stage.In the third study, irrigation water containing 1.5, 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0 mM was used to prepare NS in a closed hydroponic crop of sweet pepper cultivated in RNS. The aim of the study was to determine maximum Ca levels that do not harm the crop and to simulate the pattern of Ca accumulation when the Ca concentration in the irrigation water is excessive. At 1.5 mM Ca, no Ca accumulation was observed in the RNS, while at 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0 mM the Ca concentration in the RNS, and concomitantly in the root environment, increased to 17, 28 and 37 mM, corresponding to 6.4, 9.0 and 10.8 dS m-1. The accumulation of Ca in the RNS affected both tissue nutrient concentrations and UC of Ca, S and Mg, but this was not the case for N and K. Growth, yield and plant water uptake were restricted at moderate and high external Ca levels. Our results showed that in soilless sweet pepper crops with zero discharge of fertigation effluents, the Ca concentration in the irrigation water should be lower than 3.0 mM to avoid yield restrictions due to salinity.

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Effects of continuous and intermittent carbon dioxide enrichment on fruit set and yield of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.).

Cited by 8 publications

References 7 publications

Yield Gap Analysis of Sweet Pepper in Protected Cultivations Between Korea and The Netherlands

Yield Gap Analysis of Sweet Pepper in Protected Cultivations Between Korea and The Netherlands

Dry Matter Production and Fruit Sink Strength Affect Fruit Set Ratio of Greenhouse Sweet Pepper

Effect of greenhouse microclimate and water quality on nutrient uptake in pepper hydroponic crop

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