Effects of constrained supply and price contracts on agricultural cooperatives

Agricultural marketing cooperatives with direct selling: A cooperative–non-cooperative game

“…14 We consider that the cooperative maximizes its profit as considered in Hoffmann (2005), Lopez & Spreen (1985), Royer & Matthey (1999), Hovelaque et al (2009). Boyle (2004) found empirical evidences that cooperatives behave as if they are profit maximizers.…”

Supply Uncertainty in Food Processing Supply Chain: Sources and Coping Strategies

“…High uncertainty until delivery [17], weather induced variability [18], whey, generated with cheese, has low margin [2] Variation in individual bird weights which can result in varying proportions of heavier and lighter birds [19], some parts of the chicken have higher demand then others [2] Crop yield uncertainty due to weather conditions, contagious bacterial diseases [20], fresh produce heavily exposed to environment [21] Supply quality, product size and type Uncertainty depending on periods and biology [1,16,22], Temperature sensitive [16], quality degradation depends on microbial growth [22] High contamination risk [23] High and variable mortality, weight or fat variability, poor lairage control at abattoir affecting pig quality [24], variable quality of beasts and microbial growth [22,25] High uncertainty from environment (air, soil, water, insects, rodents, etc.) and manual manipulation and thus intrinsically potentially heavily contaminated [21,26] …”

“…Total cost uncertainty from having to buy all from fishermen [2,16] High variation in price [5,28], Total cost uncertainty [17,18] Mix of auction (rather variable price) and deadweight procurement (rather fixed price) for beef [29] Total cost uncertainty from having to buy all output of fruits and vegetables [2] 3…”

A Theory of Agricultural Marketing Cooperatives with Direct Selling

“…12 We assume that the local market is an oligopolistic one, where the consumers demand for the agricultural good is characterized by the inverse-demand 11 We consider that the cooperative maximizes its profit as considered in Hoffmann (2005), Lopez & Spreen (1985), Royer & Matthey (1999), Hovelaque et al (2009). Boyle (2004) found empirical evidences that cooperatives behave as if they are profit maximizers.…”