Effects of Constituent Materials and Quantities on Water Demand and Compressive Strength of Controlled Low-Strength Material

Du, Lianxiang; Folliard, Kevin J.; Trejo, David

doi:10.1061/(asce)0899-1561(2002)14:6(485)

Cited by 72 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 2 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The excavatability of CKD-CLSM was assessed by calculating the "removability modulus" (RE) developed in Hamilton County, Ohio (Du et al, 2002), which is expressed as follows:…”

Section: Excavatabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Criteria for the Utilization of Cement Kiln Dust (CKD) in Highway Infrastructures

Sreekrishnavilasam¹,

Santagata²

2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Prepared in cooperation with the Indiana Department of Transportation and Federal Highway Administration. AbstractThis research addressed the recycling of cement kiln dust (CKD), a by-product of cement manufacturing. While significant quantities of CKD are generated every year, its utilization in construction has been to this day quite limited. Additionally, the issue of reusing already landfilled CKD has remained almost completely unexplored. The work made use of three fresh CKDs collected at different instances from the same U.S. plant, as well as CKD obtained from different locations in a 12 year old landfill adjacent to the plant. A comprehensive experimental study of the physio-chemical and engineering properties of the CKDs was performed, and the results compared to published data for other CKDs. Differences in the free lime content were observed between different batches of the fresh CKD and were ascribed to changes implemented to the cement plant. Tests performed on the landfilled CKD showed very consistent characteristics and the presence of only traces of free lime. A distinct characteristic note for both CKDs is the small particle size (85-95% <10µm). Marked differences in particle morphology are, however, observed between the fresh and the landfilled CKD, which have a significant impact on the engineering properties. Hence, the study highlights the potential impact of chemical alteration processes on the properties of reactive byproducts when exposed to the environment in a disposal site. Based on the results of the characterization study, several potential applications for the CKDs were identified. Two of these: soil improvement and controlled low strength materials (CLSM) were selected for additional work. In investigating the use of CKD for soil improvement, only one fresh CKD was found to be sufficiently reactive (thanks to presence of free lime). The results for the other fresh and the landfilled CKD suggest that these materials may be used in combination with limited amounts of Portland cement to treat wet subgrades or water-logged areas. The viability of using the low free lime fresh and landfilled CKDs in CLSMs was assessed through comparison of the fresh and hardened properties to those of fly-ash based mixtures. While all CKD mixtures displayed excellent flow properties, only those manufactured with the highest cement dosage considered (50 kg/m 3 ) had setting times and strength compatible with their practical use in the field. Key WordsFresh KCD, landfilled CKD, characterization, free lime, soil improvement, CLSM. Distribution StatementNo restrictions. This document is available to the public through the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161 The manufacture of portland cement is accompanied by the generation of large quantities of cement kiln dust (CKD), a by-product waste material. In the United States, more than four million tons of CKD that is unsuitable for recycling in the cement manufacturing process require disposal annually (Todres et al., 1992). ...

show abstract

“…The excavatability of CKD-CLSM was assessed by calculating the "removability modulus" (RE) developed in Hamilton County, Ohio (Du et al, 2002), which is expressed as follows:…”

Section: Excavatabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Criteria for the Utilization of Cement Kiln Dust (CKD) in Highway Infrastructures

Sreekrishnavilasam¹,

Santagata²

2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As reported by Du et al (2002), material constituents in mixture are generally known to have strongly influence on the performance of CLSM. Thus, in order to thoroughly understand about it, two groups with fresh mixtures were prepared, namely G-PA (Pond ash based CLSM) and G-PA + AA (Pond ash-artificial aggregate mixture based CLSM) corresponding with aggregate constituents.…”

Section: Mixture Proportions and Test Methodsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Improvement of engineering properties of pond ash based CLSM with cementless binder and artificial aggregates made of bauxite residue

2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Controlled low strength material (CLSM), known as flow able fill is used as a replacement of compacted soil in cases where the application of the latter is difficult or impossible. The low mechanical requirements compared with concrete enable the use of industrial wastes for the production of CLSM. Methods: A study was conducted to investigate the feasibility of newly developed controlled low strength material (CLSM) using industrial wastes (pond ash, artificial aggregate made by red mud) and cementless binder as a full substitute of Portland cement in mixtures. The compressive strength of pond ash based CLSM binded with Portland cement meets in the desirable range of excavatable CLSM while pond ash based CLSM binded with cementless binder, which fully replaces the cement, shows slightly lower strength than excavatable CLSM strength ranges. In order to improve engineering properties of pond ash based CLSM binded with cementless binder, artificial aggregate that was made of Bauxite residues, red mud, was mixed with pond ash. Several mixtures made with binders and aggregates were systematically tested to determine the engineering properties of controlled low strength material such as flow consistency, compressive strength and thermal conductivity. Results: Expectedly, particle size distribution analysis result of pond ash was transformed from poorly graded sand to well graded sand mixture in USCS. After the combination of pond ash with artificial aggregate, the engineering properties of CLSM were improved. Conclusion: A compressive strength of pond ash-artificial aggregate mixture is remarkably increased and meets the requirement of excavatable CLSM of ACI even though binded with cementless binder. Furthermore, flow consistency of all CLSM mixtures has reached highly flowable range of 200~300 mm conformed by the American Concrete Institute (ACI 229R). In addition, a significant point for flow consistency is that cementless binder can be a good component material to control the segregation separation of constituents in proposed mixtures. For the purpose of the use of proposed CLSM as a backfill material for underground boreholes and pipes, a thermal conductivity was also measured. Sufficiently high values (over 0.8W/ mK) of thermal conductivity found demonstrate that the proposed mixtures are appropriate to the practical application of backfill materials for underground boreholes and pipes.

show abstract

“…Con trolled low strength mate rial (CLSM), also known as flowable fll, is defned by ACI Com mit tee 229 as a self-com pact ing, Feasibility study of a soil-based rubberized CLSM Jason Y. Wu a, * , Mufan Tsai b,1 flow able, dura ble strength, cemen ti tious mate rial used pri mar ily as back fll, void fll, and util ity bed ding in lieu of con ven tional compacted fll (Hitch, 1998;ACI, 1999;Kanes hi ro et al, 2001;Du et al, 2002;Wu, 2005). Many trans por ta tion agen cies also favour the use of CLSM's for bridge approaches (Sne then and Ben son, 1998;Du et al, 2006).…”

Section: Con Trolled Low Strength Mate Rial (Clsm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility study of a soil-based rubberized CLSM

Tsai

2009

Waste Management

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Effects of Constituent Materials and Quantities on Water Demand and Compressive Strength of Controlled Low-Strength Material

Cited by 72 publications

References 2 publications

Development of Criteria for the Utilization of Cement Kiln Dust (CKD) in Highway Infrastructures

Development of Criteria for the Utilization of Cement Kiln Dust (CKD) in Highway Infrastructures

Improvement of engineering properties of pond ash based CLSM with cementless binder and artificial aggregates made of bauxite residue

Feasibility study of a soil-based rubberized CLSM

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About