Effects of considering moisture hysteresis on wood decay risk simulations of building envelopes

Libralato, Michele; Angelis, Alessandra De; Saro, Onorio; Qin, Menghao; Rode, Carsten

doi:10.1016/j.jobe.2021.102444

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…WUFI Plus model is based on several simplifying assumptions, for example, when modelling the sorption equilibrium of the materials moisture hysteresis is neglected. It has been shown that moisture hysteresis is relevant in moisture damage analysis [24,25] and in energy or comfort calculations [26,27]. Nevertheless the HMT model is already demanding in terms of computational time: a 18 zone hygrothermal simulation (not presented in the paper) required 480 min, 45 min for the thermal simulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Multiyear Weather Data Effects on Hygrothermal Building Energy Simulations Using WUFI Plus

et al. 2021

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Transient building energy simulations are powerful design tools that are used for the estimation of HVAC demands and internal hygrothermal conditions of buildings. These calculations are commonly performed using a (often dated) typical meteorological year, generated from past weather measurements excluding extreme weather conditions. In this paper the results of multiyear building simulations performed considering coupled Heat and Moisture Transfer (HMT) in building materials are presented. A simple building is simulated in the city of Udine (Italy) using a weather record of 25 years. Performing a multiyear simulation allows to obtain a distribution of results instead of a single number for each variable. The small therm climate change is shown to influence thermal demands and internal conditions with multiyear effects. From this results it is possible to conclude that weather records used as weather files have to be periodically updated and that moisture transfer is relevant in energy and comfort calculations. Moreover, the simulations are performed using the software WUFI Plus and it is shown that using a thermal model for the building envelope could be a non negligible simplification for the comfort related calculations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Multiyear Weather Data Effects on Hygrothermal Building Energy Simulations Using WUFI Plus

et al. 2021

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“…If microbial growth does occur, wood loses its strength and structural integrity. Wood decay rate assessments can be utilized by remediation engineers and professionals to assess damage in a quantitative manner [55]. For example, EN 252, which is the European method for field test assessments, identifies varying degrees of wood decay according to a classification system (between 0 and 4), with 4 being failure.…”

Section: Water Intrusion On Building Materials (Bm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Intrusion: An Analysis of Water Sources, Categories, and the Degradation Science of Building Materials

Norman,

Kelley,

Sanner

et al. 2024

Water

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Water intrusion into a building envelope describes the unwanted movement of water or vapor into a building, where it causes damage. Various factors dictate water intrusion category determination and classification. These factors include, but are not limited to, the type and degree of water intrusion, the source and route of the contamination, and exposure time, as well as geographical environmental conditions. This comprehensive research paper looked at the literature and the science to explore the bases for indoor environmental professional (IEP) classification and category determination, but also the science behind the effects of water intrusion on building materials (BM). The efficacy of building materials once degradation has occurred and any accelerating effects impacting the efficiency of building materials and their loss of integrity were closely examined in terms of material microstructural and compositional changes. The damaging effects of moisture and heat on building materials are called hygrothermal damage, which compromises the properties and use of materials. Both aspects of building integrity, i.e., water intrusion and structural deterioration, should be of concern when mitigating and remediating the intrusion of moisture. Previous research on the clarification of water categories for water intrusions is lacking. Past approaches to water classification have lacked universal scientific clarity and understanding. In addition to a need to understand the effects that water category might have on building materials and their corresponding degree of degradation, more science and reviews are needed. The need for proper class and category determination for the remediation of water intrusion within buildings is the first step toward achieving correct mitigation to ensure human health and safety. The possible adverse health effects of water intrusion need focus and cohesion for the determination of categories. We know that the final determination of water categories differs according to the degree of contamination over time and the degree of a given class of water intrusion; however, what role do the route and initial water contamination play in the determination of the category? The following paper aims to provide not only a review of the science but also an elaboration of the category determination process and the degradation effects on building materials which should be considered, as well as possible avenues of scientific research.

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“…Additionally, poorly designed or maintained timber products and buildings can be impacted by biodegradation. The extent and rate of damage can vary, depending on the environmental conditions to which the products are exposed [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Moisture intrusion into solid timber or mass panel composites and cyclic variation in moisture during and post-construction could cause changes in appearance and structural properties that can be difficult and costly to repair.…”

Section: Introduction 123mentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Effects of Moisture Ingress on the Performance and Service Life of Mass Timber Panels in Australian Climates- Characterization Outcomes

Shirmohammadi¹

2023

World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE 2023)

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Composite timber systems made of timber and massive wood products used in construction are susceptible to moisture fluctuations during transport, construction, and post-construction. The wetting dynamics, both ingress and egress, of Australian timber species and mass panels exposed to Australian climate conditions have not been extensively explored. Understanding moisture movement in timber is crucial for predicting the design life of timber products and developing decay modelling protocols. An experimental testing has been conducted in detail to comprehend water movement and moisture gradients in massive wood-based composites. The testing results presented in this paper include the density, porosity, gas, and liquid permeability of three Australian timber species (radiata pine, southern pine and shining gum). The experiments have been designed to explore the hygroscopic properties of timber species in different directions, including face, edge and end and of CLT (2P and 3P) and LVL sections. The porosity values for the three tested species were 56% ± 5, 57% ± 3 and 42% ± 8 for radiata pine, southern pine and shining gum respectively. The experimental results presented in this paper showed that CLT samples made from radiata pine with edge gap (3P) had higher porosity and permeability values than solid radiata sample sections. The CLT 2P sections had lower porosity values than the solid radiata pine samples. The porosity values determined for LVL (made from pine) samples (51% ± 3) were slightly lower than southern pine samples tested. The outcomes of this project will facilitate the prediction of product response to moisture and enable the development of maintenance protocols and remedial solutions for the industry to minimize the potential impacts of moisture penetration in mass timber products in the future.

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Effects of considering moisture hysteresis on wood decay risk simulations of building envelopes

Cited by 9 publications

References 35 publications

Evaluation of Multiyear Weather Data Effects on Hygrothermal Building Energy Simulations Using WUFI Plus

Evaluation of Multiyear Weather Data Effects on Hygrothermal Building Energy Simulations Using WUFI Plus

Water Intrusion: An Analysis of Water Sources, Categories, and the Degradation Science of Building Materials

Investigating the Effects of Moisture Ingress on the Performance and Service Life of Mass Timber Panels in Australian Climates- Characterization Outcomes

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