Effects of Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) on the Reproductive Axis  (Pituitary, Thyroid, Testes) of Ram in Non-reproductive Season

Mahdavi, Behnaz; Khodaei, Hamidreza; Aminafshar, Mehdi; Chamani, Mohammad; Mahkam, Mehrdad

doi:10.19026/ajfst.6.152

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

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“…Hypoxanthine, as result of altered renal transports under the influence of glucocorticoids, such as cortisol secreted in Cushing’s patients, was found to be significantly altered. Lipids and their derivatives such as linolenelaidic acid, which is a derivative of essential lineolic fatty acid, which plays a crucial role in regulating pituitary testes axis and thyroid hormones, 19( R )-hydroxy prostaglandin F1Î ±, which is derivative of prostaglandins whose expression is altered under the influence of glucocorticoids, (9S,10S,11R,12Z)-9,10,11-trihydroxy-12-nonadecenoic acid long-chain fatty acid, monoelaidin, which is a derivative of elaidic acid, and trans-2-dodecenoylcarnitine fatty acid ester were upregulated in Cushing’s patients, whereas metabolites N-gondoylethanolamine, arachidoyl ethanolamide neurotransmitters, vasodilator and potent inducers of tumor cell apoptosis, dl -tryptophan, dl -histidine, l -isoleucine, methyl indole-3-acetate, alpha-aspartyl-4-hydroxyproline, beta-aspartylthreonine, 9-oxononanoic acid major product of lipid peroxidation, spisulosine class of 1-deoxysphingolipids, tetradecanedioate, 2-linoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, 1-oleoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-PE, arachidoyl ethanolamide, and creatinine that is regulated by cortisol, amylin, N-hexanoylphytosphingosine 1-phosphate, and monoelaidin were downregulated (Figure and Table S10) in Cushing’s disease. Each of the metabolites plays a significant role in Cushing’s disease development and effects the glucorticoids secretion, amino acid metabolism, neurotransmission signaling, and cortisol regulation in Cushing’s.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…NFPA hardly shows any hormonal secretion but leads to hypopituitarism and other complications. Metabolite profiles for NFPA cohorts showed significant upregulation for cortisol 21 hemisuccinate that is a derivative of cortisol that suppresses prolactin secretion, tetradecanedioate having long-chain fatty acids, arachidoyl ethanolamide endocannabinoid having neurotransmitters and vasodilator properties and acts on the HPA axis, linolenelaidic acid that is a derivative of essential lineolic fatty acid, which plays a crucial role in regulating pituitary testes axis and thyroid hormones, metabolite prolylleucine that is generated as a result of oxytocin degradation by exopeptidase on hypothalamus, 20 β-Dihydrocortisol that is a derivative of cortisol and potent agonist of the mineralocorticoid receptor, and trans-2-dodecenoylcarnitine that plays a role in fatty acid biosynthesis were found to be upregulated. Metabolites lauramide fatty amide of lauric acid, 3-hydroxy- l -proline that is marked by decreased excretion in humans with pituitary and hypothyroid dwarfism, LysoPC(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)) formed by the hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine and plays a crucial role in lipid signaling, low testosterone that is profoundly observed in acromegaly patients due to hypopituitarism, 1-linoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine derivative of linoleic acid, and 1-oleoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-PE, which transiently increases in intracellular calcium, were found to be downregulated (Figure and Table S11) in NFPA patients.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metabolomics Profiling of Pituitary Adenomas by Raman Spectroscopy, Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, and Mass Spectrometry of Serum Samples

et al. 2022

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To date, no studies are available in which pituitary adenomas (PAs) have been studied using techniques like confocal Raman spectroscopy, attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) in the same serum samples. To understand the metabolomics fingerprint, Raman spectra of 16 acromegaly, 19 Cushing’s, and 33 nonfunctional PA (NFPA) and ATR-FTIR spectral acquisition of 16 acromegaly, 18 Cushing’s, and 22 NFPA patient’s serum samples were acquired. Next, Principal component-based linear discriminant analysis (PC-LDA) models were developed, Raman spectral analysis classified acromegaly with an accuracy of 79.17%, sensitivity of 75%, and specificity of 81.25%, Cushing’s with an accuracy of 66.67%, sensitivity of 100%, and specificity of 52.63%, and NFPA with an accuracy of 73.17%, sensitivity of 75%, and specificity of 72.73%. ATR-FTIR spectral analysis classified acromegaly with an accuracy of 95.83%, sensitivity of 100%, and specificity of 93.75%, Cushing’s with an accuracy of 65.38%, sensitivity of 87.5%, and specificity of 55.56%, and NFPA with an accuracy of 70%, sensitivity of 87.5%, and specificity of 43.75%. In either of the cases, healthy individual cohorts were clearly segregated from the disease cohort, which identified differential regulated regions of nucleic acids, lipids, amides, phosphates, and polysaccharide/C–C residue α helix regions. Furthermore, LC–MS/MS-based analysis of sera samples resulted in the identification of various sphingosine, lipids, acylcarnitines, amino acids, ethanolamine, choline, and their derivatives that differentially regulated in each tumor cohort. We believe cues obtained from the study may be used to generate the metabolite-based test to diagnose PAs from serum in addition to conventional techniques and also to understand disease biology for better disease management, point of care, and improving quality of life in PA patients.

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