Effects of conditioning time and sodium bentonite on pellet quality, growth performance, intestinal morphology and nutrient retention in finisher broilers

Abstract

1. This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of steam-conditioning time and different levels of processed sodium bentonite (PSB) on pellet quality, growth performance, intestinal development and morphology, and nutrient digestibilities in broilers during finisher period (d 24-45). 2. A total of 810 male chicks were reared in commercial conditions on floor pens till d 24. Then, birds were weighed and used in a completely randomised design experiment with a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement, including three levels of conditioning times (0, 2 and 4 min) and three PSB levels (0, 7.5 and 15 g/kg diet). Each of the 9 diets fed to 6 replicates group of 15 birds each. 3. The results showed that 2-min steam conditioning and 15 g/kg PSB supplementation significantly increased pellet durability index (PDI) and hardness, and decreased electrical consumption of pelleting. Diets had no significant effects on body weight, feed intake and feed conversion ratio. Although dietary treatments did not influence relative weight and length of three segments of small intestine, 2-min steam conditioning significantly improved villus height (VH) and crypt depth. Steam conditioning of diet for 2 min significantly increased apparent metabolisable energy (AME), ether extract (EE), calcium (Ca) and dry matter (DM) retention in birds measured during 38-42 d of age. 4. It could be concluded that 2-min steam conditioning improved PDI and hardness, VH and nutrient retention (AME, EE, Ca and DM), but did not affect growth performance in broilers during finisher period.

Effect of different types and levels of fat addition and pellet binders on physical pellet quality of broiler feeds

“…In fact, Ben has a water holding capacity and volume increasing properties (Moran, 1989) which increases PDI (Moradi et al, 2018). Attar et al (2018) suggested that a higher dosage of Ben (>1.5%) may be required in a commercial situation in high energy density diets such as broiler finisher diets.…”

“…The feed industry has been trending towards the use of long-term conditioning (e.g., conditioner temperature = 85°C and conditioner retention time = 3 min) to improve PDI (Cutlip et al, 2008; Abdollahi et al, 2010; Attar et al, 2018) and to hygiene feed through Salmonella spp. population reduction (Pickford, 1992; Peisker, 2006), while it damages heat sensitive nutrients and consequently reduces nutrient digestibility (Creswell and Bedford, 2006; Kenny and Felemming, 2006; Slominiski et al,.…”

“…Moreover, it increases a risk of mold growth in pelleted feed and consequently reduces shelf life of feed (Lundblad et al, 2009). The second solution is solid PBs addition such as bentonite ( Ben ) (Salmon, 1985; Salari et al, 2006; Attar et al, 2018; Moradi et al, 2018) and calcium lignosulfonate ( CaLS ) (Acar et al, 1991; Corey et al, 2014). Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different levels and types of mixer-added fat (SO and CFP) and solid PBs (Ben and CaLS) on PPQ parameters of practical corn-soybean based diets under short-term conditioning situation.…”

Process optimization in Poultry Feed Mill

“…A factorial experiment is an experiment, which extracts information on several design factors more e ciently than can be done by the classical approach. A classical experiment is one where, generally, one factor is varied while others are held constant [11]. The Analysis of variance is based on the following statistical property.…”

“…Corrugations pass throughout the contour in the form of a curve of the roller shell face, due to being cut at a helical angle. Thus, ensuring that corrugations are in proximity with the die face and leading to smoother operation than when using straight corrugated shells [11]. 4) Dimpled shells: have good wear characteristics because of its increased surface area.…”