Effects of Condensed Tannins in Mao (<i>Antidesma thwaitesianum</i> Muell. Arg.) Seed Meal on Rumen Fermentation Characteristics and Nitrogen Utilization in Goats

Abstract

Mao seed is a by-product of the wine and juice industry, which could be used in animal nutrition. The current study was designed to determine the effect of supplementation of mao (Antidesma thwaitesianum Muell. Arg.) seed meal (MOSM) containing condensed tannins (CT) on rumen fermentation, nitrogen (N) utilization and microbial protein synthesis in goats. Four crossbred (Thai Native×Anglo Nubian) goats with initial body weight (BW) 20±2 kg were randomly assigned to a 4×4 Latin square design. The four dietary treatments were MOSM supplementation at 0%, 0.8%, 1.6%, and 2.4% of total dry matter (DM) intake, respectively. During the experimental periods, all goats were fed a diet containing roughage to concentrate ratio of 60:40 at 3.0% BW/d and pangola grass hay was used as a roughage source. Results showed that supplementation with MOSM did not affect feed intake, nutrient intakes and apparent nutrient digestibility (p>0.05). In addition, ruminal pH and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) were not influenced by MOSM supplementation, whilst blood urea nitrogen was decreased quadraticly (p<0.05) in goats supplemented with MOSM at 2.4% of total DM intake. Propionate was increased linearly with MOSM supplementation, whereas acetate and butyrate were remained the same. Moreover, estimated ruminal methane (CH4) was decreased linearly (p<0.05) when goats were fed with MOSM at 1.6% and 2.4% of total DM intake. Numbers of bacteria and protozoa were similar among treatments (p>0.05). There were linear decreases in urinary N (p<0.01) and total N excretion (p<0.01) by MOSM supplementation. Furthermore, N retention was increased linearly (p<0.05) when goats were fed with MOSM supplementation at 1.6% and 2.4% of total DM intake. Microbial protein synthesis were not significantly different among treatments (p>0.05). From the current study, it can be concluded that supplementation of MOSM at 1.6% to 2.4% of total DM intake can be used to modify ruminal fermentation, especially propionate and N utilization in goats, without affecting the nutrient digestibility, microbial populations and microbial protein synthesis.

In vitro rumen fermentation and methane production as affected by rambutan peel powder

“…There are reports indicating a decrease in methane production with the supplementation of plant containing condensed tannins and saponins (Poungchompu et al 2009;Wanapat et al 2014;Anantasook et al 2016;Gunun et al 2016). Supplementation of RPP at 16 mg reduced methane production in the present study.…”

Effects of Antidesma thwaitesianum Muell. Arg. pomace as a source of plant secondary compounds on digestibility, rumen environment, hematology, and milk production in dairy cows

“…Similarly, Gunun et al. () who reported that ruminal NH 3 ‐N concentrations were not affected by supplementation of mao seed meal (92 g SP/kg) at 0.8%–2.4% of total DM intake in goats.…”

“…In contrast, Gunun et al. () reported that ruminal NH 3 ‐N concentration at 0 and 4 hr postfeeding did not affected by supplementation of mao seed (96 g CT/kg) at 0.8%–2.4% of total DM intake in goats. This results different with our previous studies, could be due to the effects of CT on NH 3 ‐N concentrations vary with mao by‐product (mao pomace and mao seed), concentrations of CT, levels of supplementation and animals used.…”

“…The ruminal NH 3 ‐N concentration increased after feeding (Gunun et al., ; Wanapat, Gunun, Anantasook, & Kang, ). The feeding of concentrate, roughage and protein supplements effects on ruminants is based on the knowledge that NH 3 is the major end‐product of protein degradation in the rumen, which appears to have been generally accepted, that most of the N utilized by rumen microbes comes from the NH 3 pool in the rumen (Supapong, Cherdthong, Seankamsorn, Khonkhaeng, Wanapat, Gunun, et al., 2017).…”

“…Moreover, Gunun et al. () found that supplementation of mao seed meal in goats improved ruminal fermentation, especially propionate and nitrogen utilization without affecting the nutrient digestibility. However, utilization of MPM on rumen environment and the productivity of dairy cows has not been studied.…”