Effects of concentrated long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation before radical prostatectomy on prostate cancer proliferation, inflammation, and quality of life: study protocol for a phase IIb, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Guertin, Marie-Hélène; Robitaille, Karine; Pelletier, Jean‐François; Duchesne, Thierry; Julien, Pierre; Savard, Josée; Bairati, Isabelle; Fradet, Vincent

doi:10.1186/s12885-017-3979-9

Cited by 17 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Further, PUFAs were much higher than MUFAs, including palmitoleic acid (16:1) and OA, in the H. aurantium tunic and omega-3 fatty acids, such as ETA, EPA, and DHA, were much higher than omega-6 fatty acids. Long chain omega-3 fatty acids have beneficial effects on systemic inflammation via disruption of the toll-like receptor (TLR)-signaling cascade and the production of anti-inflammatory eicosanoids, which are mediated by their incorporation into the plasma membrane [ 24 , 25 ]. Furthermore, the action of EPA and DHA on inflammation has been known to affect the phospholipid fatty acid compositional change in the cell membrane, disturbance of lipid rafts, and inactivation of NF-κB, resulting in an alteration of the gene expression associated with immune and fatty acid metabolism [ 11 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune-Enhancement and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Fatty Acids Extracted from Halocynthia aurantium Tunic in RAW264.7 Cells

Monmai

Shin

et al. 2018

Marine Drugs

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Halocynthia aurantium, an edible ascidian species, has not been studied scientifically, even though tunicates and ascidians are well-known to contain several unique and biologically active materials. The current study investigated the fatty acid profiles of the H. aurantium tunic and its immune-regulatory effects on RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Results of the fatty acid profile analysis showed a difference in ratios, depending on the fatty acids being analysed, including those of saturated fatty acids (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). In particular, omega-3 fatty acids, such as eicosatrienoic acid n-3 (ETA n-3), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), were much higher than omega-6 fatty acids. Moreover, the H. aurantium tunic fatty acids, significantly and dose-dependently, increased the NO and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in RAW264.7 cells, for immune-enhancement without cytotoxicity. In addition, these fatty acids regulated the transcription of immune-associated genes, including iNOS, IL-1β, IL-6, COX-2, and TNF-α. These actions were activated and deactivated via Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)and NF-κB signaling, to regulate the immune responses. Conversely, the H. aurantium tunic fatty acids effectively suppressed the inflammatory cytokine expressions, including iNOS, IL-1β, IL-6, COX-2, and TNF-α, in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Productions of COX-2 and PGE2, which are key biomarkers for inflammation, were also significantly reduced. These results elucidated the immune-enhancement and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of the H. aurantium tunic fatty acids in macrophage cells. Moreover, the H. aurantium tunic might be a potential fatty acid source for immune-modulation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune-Enhancement and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Fatty Acids Extracted from Halocynthia aurantium Tunic in RAW264.7 Cells

Monmai

Shin

et al. 2018

Marine Drugs

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“…However, an orally supplementation in a longer period before surgery may enhance beneficial effects of n3FA. Furthermore, recent orally available n3FA formulas consisting of monoglycerids attached with EPA (EPA/DHA ratio 10:1) and less fishy taste may be opted for oral supplementation before and after surgery [44].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a metabolic optimized fast track concept (MOFA) on bowel function and recovery after surgery in patients undergoing elective colon or liver resection: a randomized controlled trial

et al. 2019

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Background Enhanced recovery after surgery programs (ERAS) using thoracic epidural anesthesia and perioperative patient conditioning with omega-3 fatty acids (n3FA), glucose control (GC) and on-demand fluid therapy, respectively, showed beneficial effects. In the MOFA- study these components were used together in patients undergoing colon or liver surgery. We hypothesized that the use of a perioperative MOFA program improves intestine function represented as time to the first postoperative bowel movement in adult patients compared to standard ERAS. Methods After BfArM and IRB approval 100 patients were enrolled in this prospective randomized controlled trial. All patients received ERAS therapy (control). In addition, the MOFA group received 0.2 g/kg fish oil (Omegaven®), preoperatively, followed by a 48 h continuous infusion of 0.2 g/kg/d n3FA; and GC was kept below < 8 mmol/L. Pre- and postoperatively energy drinks were administered. Results As compared to control group the MOFA concept resulted in an earlier onset of flatulence by 14 h (46.6 ± 25.7, 32.0 ± 17.9, p = 0.030, hours, control vs. MOFA, respectively). Effects on onset of bowel movement were not observed (74.5 ± 30.4, 66.4 ± 29.2, p = 0.163, hours, control vs. MOFA, respectively). The disease severity (SAPS II score; p = 0.720) as well as deployment of resources (TISS 28 score, p = 0.709) did not differ between groups. No statistic significant difference between MOFA and control group regarding inflammation, impairment of coagulation, length of hospital stay or incidence of postoperative surgical complications were observed. Conclusions The MOFA concept did not result in an improvement of intestine function or faster recovery after elective colon or liver surgery compared to standard ERAS therapy. Omega-3 fatty acids showed no impairment of coagulation or improved resolution of inflammation. Further trials in a larger patient collective are needed to investigate potential beneficial effects of omega-3 fatty acids in abdominal surgery. Trial registration This trial was prospectively registered at the European Union Clinical Trials Register (EuDraCT 2005–004814-33, date: 10-05-2005, https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/search?query=2005-004814-33+ ). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12871-019-0823-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…While these effects were observed in mice, a study is currently in progress to investigate whether the 1-EPG in cell cultures translates in humans. The effects of 1-EPG on prostate cancer on randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial is currently being conducted as well, highlighting the potential far-reaching implications of eCB-based therapeutics (80).…”

Section: Omega-3 Fatty Acid Dha and Epa Glycerol (Dhg And Epg)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging class of omega-3 fatty acid endocannabinoids & their derivatives

Watson

Kim

Das

2019

Prostaglandins & Other Lipid Mediators

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Cannabinoid receptor activation is involved in homeostatic regulation of the body. These receptors are activated by cannabinoids, that include the active constituents of Cannabis sativa as well as endocannabinoids (eCBs). The eCBs are endogenously synthesized from the omega-6 and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). The consumption of omega-3 fatty acids shifts the balance towards a higher proportion of omega-3 eCBs, whose physiological functions warrants further investigation. Herein, we review the discovery of omega-3 fatty acid derived eCBs that are generated from long chain omega-3 PUFAs - docosahexaenoyl ethanolamide (DHA-EA or synaptamide), docosahexanoyl-glycerol (DHG), eicosapentaenoyl ethanolamide (EPA-EA), eicosapentanoylglycerol (EPG). Furthermore, we outline the lesser known omega-3 eCB-like molecules that arise from the conjugation of the omega-3 fatty acids with neurotransmitters serotonin and dopamine - DHA-serotonin (DHA-5HT), EPA-serotonin (EPA-5HT), DHA-dopamine (DHA-DA) and EPA-dopamine (EPA-DA). Additionally, we describe the role of these omega-3 eCBs and their derivatives in different disease states such as pain, inflammation and cancer. Moreover, we detail the formation and potential physiological roles of the oxidative metabolites that arise from the metabolism of omega-3 eCBs by eicosanoid synthesizing enzymes - cyclooxygenase (COX), lipoxygenase (LOX) and cytochrome P450 epoxygenase (CYP450). In summary, we outline the novel findings regarding a growing class of signaling molecules, omega-3 eCBs, that can control the physiological and pathophysiological processes in the body.

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Effects of concentrated long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation before radical prostatectomy on prostate cancer proliferation, inflammation, and quality of life: study protocol for a phase IIb, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Cited by 17 publications

References 70 publications

Immune-Enhancement and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Fatty Acids Extracted from Halocynthia aurantium Tunic in RAW264.7 Cells

Immune-Enhancement and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Fatty Acids Extracted from Halocynthia aurantium Tunic in RAW264.7 Cells

Effects of a metabolic optimized fast track concept (MOFA) on bowel function and recovery after surgery in patients undergoing elective colon or liver resection: a randomized controlled trial

Emerging class of omega-3 fatty acid endocannabinoids & their derivatives

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