Effects of Compaction on Soil Aeration Properties

Stępniewski, Witold; Gliński, J.; Ball, B. C.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-88286-8.50016-7

Cited by 79 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Apesar do menor volume de macroporos em relação ao solo arado, no solo sob plantio direto a infiltração é mais rápida em função da maior continuidade de poros (Douglas et al, 1980). Os efeitos das práticas de manejo na aeração do solo podem ser quantificados pela permeabilidade ao ar (Stepniewski et al, 1994). A permeabilidade ao ar (K a ) é uma medida da capacidade do solo (material poroso) de conduzir ar (gases), em resposta a um gradiente de pressão, por um processo denominado fluxo de massa (ou fluxo convectivo) (Lal, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Em níveis similares de compactação, a permeabilidade ao ar é maior em solos com estruturas maiores (peds de 4-8 mm) do que naqueles com estruturas menores (peds < 2 mm) (Lipiec, 1992). Ball et al (1994) relataram que, em experimentos de longa duração (20-25 anos) desenvolvidos em solos francos imperfeitamente drenados, a permeabilidade ao ar foi menor sob sistema plantio direto do que sob plantio convencional. Em outro estudo, Schjønning & Rasmussen (2000) observaram que a rede de poros de solos arenosos e franco-arenosos apresentou-se bem conectada, independentemente do sistema de manejo (convencional ou direto), mas em solos franco-siltosos arados a permeabilidade ao ar atingiu níveis limitantes, que foram melhorados com a adoção de quatro anos de plantio direto.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…A permeabilidade ao ar (K a ) e a porosidade de aeração (ε a ) têm sido relacionadas na tentativa de avaliar possíveis diferenças na geometria dos poros resultantes das práticas de manejo adotadas (Blackwell et al, 1990). A razão entre permeabilidade ao ar e volume de macroporos (Blackwell et al, 1990) ou permeabilidade ao ar e porosidade preenchida com ar (Ball et al, 1994) é considerada uma medida da continuidade dos poros e organização destes. Valores mais baixos da relação refletem uma continuidade dos poros muito reduzida devido à compactação (Lipiec & Glinski, 1997;Munkholm et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Permeabilidade ao ar em Latossolo Vermelho sob diferentes sistemas de manejo

Rodrigues

Silva

Giarola

et al. 2011

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo

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Section: Introductionunclassified

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Permeabilidade ao ar em Latossolo Vermelho sob diferentes sistemas de manejo

Rodrigues

Silva

Giarola

et al. 2011

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo

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“…The measured air-filled porosities of less than 10% by volume at matric potentials near the field capacity in this study indicate deficient aeration (Stepniewski et al 1994). Moreover, the gaseous diffusivities in the topsoil were below the D/D 0 values in the range 0.00075-0.005 cited by Stepniewski et al (1994) as lower critical aeration limits for plant growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Moreover, the gaseous diffusivities in the topsoil were below the D/D 0 values in the range 0.00075-0.005 cited by Stepniewski et al (1994) as lower critical aeration limits for plant growth. The air permeabilities (0.5-24 µm 2 , or 0.4-15 µm s -1 as air conductivities) were in the middle range of common values in soil (0.01-500 µm 2 ) according to Stepniewski et al (1994).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macro- and microscale gaseous diffusion in a Stagnic Luvisol as affected by compaction and reduced tillage

Simojoki¹,

Fazekas-Becker²,

Horn³

2008

AFSci

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Intensification of mechanical agriculture has increased the risk for soil compaction and deformation. Simultaneously, reduced tillage practices have become popular due to energy saving and environmental concerns, as they may strengthen and improve the functioning of structured soil pore system. Soil aeration is affected by both compaction and reduced tillage through changes in soil structure and in the distribution of easily decomposable organic matter. We investigated whether a single wheeling by a 35 000 kg sugar-beet harvester in a Stagnic Luvisol derived from loess near Göttingen, Germany, influenced the gas transport properties (air permeability, gaseous macro- and microdiffusivities, oxygen diffusion rate) in the topsoil and subsoil samples, and whether the effects were different between long-term reduced tillage and mouldboard ploughing. Poor structure in the topsoil resulted in slow macro- and microscale gas transport at moisture contents near field capacity. The macrodiffusivities in the topsoil under conventional tillage were slower compared with those under conservation treatment, and soil compaction reduced the diffusivities by about half at the soil depths studied. This shows that even one pass with heavy machinery near field capacity impairs soil structure deep into the profile, and supports the view that reduced tillage improves soil structure and aeration compared with ploughing, especially in the topsoil.;

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Friedhöfe

Mordhorst,

Zimmermann,

Fleige

et al. 2023

Handbuch Der Bodenkunde

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Friedhofsböden werden im deutschsprachigen Raum überwiegend als Nekrosole oder Rigosole, international als Necrosols oder Anthrosols klassifiziert. Standortfaktoren wie Bodenart, Tiefgründigkeit und Grund‐ oder Stauwassereinfluss spielen eine wichtige Rolle hinsichtlich der Verwesungs‐ (Erdgräber) und Filterleistung (Erd‐ und Urnengräber). Für die vollständige Verwesung innerhalb der Ruhefristen (20–30 Jahre) muss der Sauerstoffbedarf über den funktionierenden Gasaustausch durch die mindestens 90 cm mächtige Deckschicht zur Sargzone gedeckt sein. Unterhalb der Bestattungstiefe (Grabsohle) ist eine ausreichend hohe Filterwirkung der mindestens 70 cm mächtigen Filterschicht erforderlich, um aus dem Sarg oder der Urne austretende (Schad‐)Stoffe, u. a. Schwermetalle, mechanisch und/oder chemisch zu binden, wodurch die Gefahr einer Grundwasserkontamination herabgesetzt wird. Die wenigen Untersuchungen von Urnengräbern und Totenaschen machen deutlich, dass nicht nur die Totenasche eine hohe Streuung im Schwermetallgehalt aufweist, sondern Schwermetallelemente in unterschiedlichem Ausmaß auch aus dem Urnenmaterial in den Boden freigesetzt werden. Die Durchführung von Sarg‐ und Urnenbestattungen in Böden stellt einen tiefgreifenden Eingriff in die Horizontabfolge und in die Bodenstruktur und ‐stabilität dar, der mit Änderungen der physikalischen und chemischen Bodeneigenschaften und ‐funktionen (Gas‐ und Wasserhaushalt) einhergeht. Vor allem in feinkörnigen Böden können Staunässe und schlechtere Sauerstoffverfügbarkeit innerhalb des Grabes auftreten, die die Bildung von Wachsleichen (Adipocire) begünstigen. Die Beimischung von Branntkalk (Calciumoxid) ist als kostengünstige und effektive Meliorationsmaßnahme zur Verbesserung der Bodenstruktur des wiederverfüllten Bodens im Erdgrab (Deckschicht) beschrieben. Aus Sicht des Bodenschutzes ist daher bei der Ausweisung von Flächen für Urnen‐ oder Erdgräber auf stau‐ oder grundwasserferne sowie tiefgründige Böden mit guten Filter‐ und Puffereigenschaften unterhalb der Bestattungstiefe zu achten.

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Effects of Compaction on Soil Aeration Properties

Cited by 79 publications

References 23 publications

Permeabilidade ao ar em Latossolo Vermelho sob diferentes sistemas de manejo

Permeabilidade ao ar em Latossolo Vermelho sob diferentes sistemas de manejo

Macro- and microscale gaseous diffusion in a Stagnic Luvisol as affected by compaction and reduced tillage

Friedhöfe

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