Effects of Combined Training of Rope Skipping and Walking on Body Composition, Physical Fitness, Blood Lipids, and Insulin Resistance in Middle-aged Women

Background: Insulin resistance is related to central obesity and the amount of skeletal muscle. A simple and practical anthropometric marker for muscle mass is not known, although waist circumference (WC) is used as an indicator of abdominal obesity. The aims of this study were to investigate whether arm (AC) and thigh circumferences (TC) can be used as an indicator of muscle mass and if they are related to muscle strength. Methods: A total of 110 obese (body mass index [BMI]≥25 kg/m 2 ) women with type 2 diabetes were enrolled, and WC, AC, and TC were measured. Abdominal visceral fat (AVF), subcutaneous fat (ASF), and total fat (ATF) were assessed by computed tomography, regional muscle (MM), and fat mass by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, muscle strength by one repetition maximum (1RM) of both extremities (chest and leg press) and insulin resistance by KITT. Results: The mean age was 56.2±7.3 years, duration of diabetes was 4.2±4.4 years, and BMI was 27.2±2.8 kg/m 2 . WC was correlated with ATF, AVF, and ASF (r=0.728, P<0.001; r=0.515, P<0.001; r=0.608, P<0.001, respectively). Arm MM was correlated with AC (r=0.500, P<0.001), and leg MM with TC (r=0.291, P=0.002). Upper 1RM was related to AC/WC ratio (r=0.359, P<0.001), and lower 1RM was to TC/WC ratio (r=0.286, P=0.003). Insulin resistance had significant relations with AVF, WC, and total MM (r=-0.262, P=0.008; r=-0.217, P=0.029; r=0.160, P=0.031, respectively). Conclusion: The muscle mass was related to extremity circumferences, and muscle strength was to extremity/waist circumference ratio in obese women with type 2 diabetes.

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Effects of Complex Training on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Middle Aged Obese Women

Won¹,

Yang

2010

Journal of Life Science

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This study measured physical characteristics and physical composition of 16 middle-aged obese women using a body composition analyzer. TC, TG, HDL-C and LDL-C were investigated in order to analyze components of serum liquids. The study also compared changes regarding cardiovascular risk factors before and after a 12-week exercise program by measuring insulin and intensity of TNF-α. To examine such changes, the study carried out a 12-week, complex training program for middle-aged obese women who did not regularly exercise. The results of the study were as follows: 1) after 12 weeks of complex training, in changes of physical characteristics, weight, BMI and WHR were significantly reduced. Systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure increased, but there were no significant differences; 2) after 12 weeks of complex training, in changes of physical composition, body fat mass and body fat rate were significantly reduced and fat free mass was significantly increased; 3) after 12 weeks of complex training, in changes of serum liquids, TC, TG and LDL-C were significantly reduced. HDL-C increased, but this was not statistically significant; 4) after 12 weeks of complex training, in changes of cardiovascular risk factors, insulin and TNF-α were significantly reduced.

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Effects of Combined Training of Rope Skipping and Walking on Body Composition, Physical Fitness, Blood Lipids, and Insulin Resistance in Middle-aged Women

Cited by 4 publications

References 21 publications

Effects of combined exercise on HOMA-IR, HOMA β-cell and atherogenic index in Korean obese female

Effects of combined exercise on HOMA-IR, HOMA β-cell and atherogenic index in Korean obese female

The Correlations between Extremity Circumferences with Total and Regional Amounts of Skeletal Muscle and Muscle Strength in Obese Women with Type 2 Diabetes

Effects of Complex Training on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Middle Aged Obese Women

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