Effects of Combined CO2 and O3 Exposures on Net CO2 Assimilation and Biomass Allocation in Seedlings of the Late-Successional Fagus Crenata

Tobita, Hidetaka; Komatsu, Masabumi; Harayama, Hisanori; Yazaki, K.; Kitaoka, Shôzaburô; Kitao, Mitsutoshi

doi:10.3390/cli7100117

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…These results suggest physiological alterations at leaf level but no adverse effects of EOZ at individual plant level in the first growing season. Instead, that EOZ increased the total harvested aboveground biomass may indicate overcompensation responses of plant growth, similar to observations made in different species of trees exposed to elevated O 3 (Kitao et al 2015;Tobita et al 2019). Although photosynthetic pigments were not directly measured in the first growing season, the large enrichment of Mg in top leaves by EOZ may relate to enhanced chlorophylls potential, and, thus, increased photosynthates that can lead to more biomass.…”

Section: Ozone Effects On Plant Growth and Biomass Production In Early Spring Of The Second Growing Season (2015)supporting

confidence: 75%

“…Despite the negative effects of EOZ on leaf-level physiology, EOZ-treated plants displayed a small increase in plant height, old shoot dry mass, and total aboveground dry mass, which may indicate overcompensation responses similar to the biomass production of the first growing season and observations in different studies with other species exposed to elevated O 3 (Kitao et al 2015;Tobita et al 2019). Contrariwise, EDU400 increased new shoot dry mass and total aboveground dry mass, compared EDU0-treated plants, irrespective of O 3 treatment, a finding suggesting that shrubs in both AOZ and EOZ were under stress.…”

Section: Edu Impact Against O 3 Effects On Plant Physiology Growth and Biomass Production In The Second Growing Season (2015)mentioning

confidence: 81%

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Ethylenediurea (EDU) spray effects on willows (Salix sachalinensis F. Schmid) grown in ambient or ozone-enriched air: implications for renewable biomass production

et al. 2021

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Ground-level ozone (O3) is a widespread air pollutant causing extensive injuries in plants. However, its effects on perennial energy crops remain poorly understood due to technical difficulties in cultivating fast-growing shrubs for biomass production under O3 treatment on the field. Here we present the results of a two-year evaluation in the framework of which willow (Salix sachalinensis F. Schmid) shrubs were exposed to ambient (AOZ) or elevated (EOZ) O3 in two successive growing seasons (2014, 2015) and treated with 0 (EDU0) or 400 mg L−1 (EDU400) ethylenediurea spray in the second growing season. In 2014, EOZ altered the chemical composition of both top young and fallen leaves, and a novel mechanism of decreasing Mg in fallen leaves while highly enriching it in young top leaves was revealed in shrubs exposed to EOZ. In 2015, EDU400 alleviated EOZ-induced decreases in leaf fresh mass to dry mass ratio (FM/DM) and leaf mass per area (LMA). While EDU400 protected against EOZ-induced suppression of the maximum rate at which leaves can fix carbon (Amax) in O3-asymptomatic leaves, it did not alleviate EOZ-induced suppression of the maximum rates of carboxylation (VCmax) and electron transport (Jmax) and chlorophylls a, b, and a + b in the same type of leaves. In O3-symptomatic leaves, however, EDU400 alleviated EOZ-induced suppression of chlorophylls a and a + b, indicating different mode of action of EDU between O3-asymptomatic and O3-symptomatic leaves. Extensive herbivory occurred only in AOZ-exposed plants, leading to suppressed biomass production, while EOZ also led to a similar suppression of biomass production (EDU0 × EOZ vs. EDU400 × EOZ). In 2016, carry-over effects were also evaluated following cropping and transplantation into new ambient plots. Effects of EOZ in the preceding growing seasons extended to the third growing season in the form of suppressed ratoon biomass production, indicating carry-over effect of EOZ. Although EDU400 protected against EOZ-induced suppression of biomass production when applied in 2015, there was no carry-over effect of EDU in the absence of EDU treatment in 2016. The results of this study provide novel mechanistic understandings of O3 and EDU modes of action and can enlighten cultivation of willow as energy crop.

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Section: Ozone Effects On Plant Growth and Biomass Production In Early Spring Of The Second Growing Season (2015)supporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Edu Impact Against O 3 Effects On Plant Physiology Growth and Biomass Production In The Second Growing Season (2015)mentioning

confidence: 81%

Ethylenediurea (EDU) spray effects on willows (Salix sachalinensis F. Schmid) grown in ambient or ozone-enriched air: implications for renewable biomass production

et al. 2021

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“…Effect of Elevated CO 2 and/or O 3 Concentrations on Q. mongolica Growth Elevated CO 2 concentrations enhanced stem growth, resulting in increased leaf, stem, and aboveground biomass (Table 1). This suggests that the growth of Q. mongolica seedlings was accelerated by an elevated CO 2 concentration, as reported for many other tree species (e.g., Richet et al, 2012;Tobita et al, 2019). Conversely, we observed minor changes in biomass growth under the elevated O 3 concentration condition (Table 1), unlike in other species (e.g., Watanabe et al, 2007;Richet et al, 2012), whose growth and biomass have been shown to decrease under such conditions.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…We used the same experimental design and facility as those of Tobita et al (2019), although the experimental period (1 growing season) was shorter than that of Tobita et al (2019), who used much smaller seedlings (1-year-old) than those in the present study (2-year-old). Q. mongolica seedlings were grown in FACE systems.…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composition of Organic Carbon-Based Compounds in the Stem Wood of Quercus mongolica Seedlings Grown Under Elevated CO2 and/or O3 Concentrations

Ugawa

Hirano

Hashida

et al. 2021

Front. For. Glob. Change

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In this study, we examined the composition of organic constituents of stem woody tissue together with tree growth in Quercus mongolica var. grosseserrata Blume seedlings raised under controlled CO2 and/or O3 concentrations in a Free-Air Concentration Enrichment system. After exposure to ambient air (control), elevated CO2 concentration (550 μmol mol–1 CO2), elevated O3 concentration (double that of the control), and a combination of elevated CO2 and O3 concentrations during a growing season, we measured the diameter and length of stem, and biomass of sampled seedlings and quantified the lignin, extractive, and holocellulose contents of the woody tissue of current-year stems. We confirmed that the growth of seedlings was enhanced under an elevated CO2 concentration condition. In line with this, the extractive content was lower in woody tissue formed under an elevated CO2 concentration than that formed under ambient air, whereas holocellulose content showed an inverse pattern. Elevated O3 concentration itself did not change the organic constituents of the woody tissue, but it reduced the influence of an elevated CO2 concentration. We thus assume that Q. mongolica formed woody tissue with a low extractive content under the high CO2 concentration condition, although this response was possibly mitigated by an elevated O3 concentration. Extractives contains antimicrobial components such as tannins, flavonoids, quinones, and terpenoids. The decrease in extractives within the widely distributed Q. mongolica in East Asia may have a non-negligible impact on C cycling in the future earth with high atmospheric CO2 concentration.

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“…Compared with Japanese white birch, E. makinoi had about half S/R ratio, which suggests a greater amount of carbohydrate allocation into the root system. Japanese white birch preferably allocates biomass into shoot (Kitao et al, 2015(Kitao et al, , 2021bTobita et al, 2019), which might contribute to height growth, while compensating lower total biomass compared to E. makinoi across the water treatments.…”

Section: Photosynthesis and Growth Responses In Pot-grown Seedlings O...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Photosynthetic and Growth Responses in a Pioneer Tree (Japanese White Birch) and Competitive Perennial Weeds (Eupatorium sp.) Grown Under Different Regimes With Limited Water Supply to Waterlogging

et al. 2022

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For a successful natural regeneration of Japanese white birch (Betula platyphylla var. japonica), competitive vegetation should be managed. Here, we clarified how soil water condition modifies the competitiveness of Japanese white birch against perennial weeds, Eupatorium species, based on an ecophysiological approach combining a glasshouse experiment and a field survey. We investigated photosynthetic and growth responses to various water regimes from water deficit to waterlogging (two times-a-week irrigation, three times-a-week irrigation, half waterlogging, and full waterlogging) in pot-grown seedlings of Japanese white birch and the competitive weed Eupatorium makinoi. The ratio of seedling height of Japanese white birch to seedling height of E. makinoi showed a decreasing trend from two times-a-week irrigation to full waterlogging, which suggests a lower competitiveness for light resource in Japanese white birch with increasing soil wetness. The maximum rate of Rubisco carboxylation (Vc,max) based on unit N was lower in waterlogging treatments than in two times- and three times-a-week irrigation in Japanese white birch, whereas E. makinoi showed the opposite response. This suggests that N partitioning into Rubisco and/or Rubisco activation might be suppressed in Japanese white birch but enhanced in E. makinoi under waterlogging. The maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) was also lower in seedlings of Japanese white birch grown under waterlogging treatments. We further conducted a field survey on the relationship between Fv/Fm and topographic wetness index (TWI) in seedlings of Japanese white birch and E. glehnii (closely related to E. makinoi) naturally grown in a study site 5 years after canopy tree cutting. Lower Fv/Fm was observed in seedlings of Japanese white birch with increasing TWI, whereas no significant trend was observed in E. glehnii, in agreement with the glasshouse experiment. Thus, keeping soils not always humid might be favorable to photosynthetic performance and growth competitive ability of Japanese white birch against Eupatorium species.

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Effects of Combined CO2 and O3 Exposures on Net CO2 Assimilation and Biomass Allocation in Seedlings of the Late-Successional Fagus Crenata

Cited by 10 publications

References 70 publications

Ethylenediurea (EDU) spray effects on willows (Salix sachalinensis F. Schmid) grown in ambient or ozone-enriched air: implications for renewable biomass production

Ethylenediurea (EDU) spray effects on willows (Salix sachalinensis F. Schmid) grown in ambient or ozone-enriched air: implications for renewable biomass production

Composition of Organic Carbon-Based Compounds in the Stem Wood of Quercus mongolica Seedlings Grown Under Elevated CO2 and/or O3 Concentrations

Photosynthetic and Growth Responses in a Pioneer Tree (Japanese White Birch) and Competitive Perennial Weeds (Eupatorium sp.) Grown Under Different Regimes With Limited Water Supply to Waterlogging

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