Effects of combined aerobic and resistance training on gut microbiota and cardiovascular risk factors in physically active elderly women: A randomized controlled trial

Abstract

Background: Exercise can modulate gut microbiota and lower the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the association between exercise-induced changes in gut microbiota and CVD risk have not been investigated.Objective: This study determined the effects of exercise training on CVD risk and gut microbiota in physically active elderly women and whether exercise-induced gut microbiota changes were associated with CVD risk.Methods: An 8-week randomized controlled trial was conducted with 14 elderly women assigned to exercise group (n = 8) or control group (n = 6). Physical function, sarcopenic obesity, and metabolic syndrome were evaluated as components of CVD risk. Gut microbiota composition was determined using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to examine intra-group and inter-group differences.Results: A significant group × time interaction was observed for chair sit-and-reach (F = 8.262, p = 0.014), single-leg standing with eyes closed (F = 7.340, p = 0.019), waist circumference (F = 6.254, p = 0.028), and body fat mass (F = 12.263, p = 0.004), for which the exercise group showed improved trends. The exercise group exhibited significant improvements in skeletal muscle mass (p = 0.041) and fasting blood glucose (p = 0.017). Regarding gut microbiota, a significant interaction was observed for the class Betaproteobacteria (F = 6.822, p = 0.023) and genus Holdemania (F = 4.852, p = 0.048).Conclusion: The 8-week exercise training improved physical function, lowered CVD risk, and modulated relative abundance of gut microbiota associated with CVD in physically active elderly women.

Effects of Exercise on Gut Microbiota of Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…Shin discussed the relationship between the Proteobacteria phylum and the gut flora ecological balance [60], declaring that Proteobacteria could be regarded as a marker of disorder in the GM community and a potential diagnostic criterion for diseases. Here, the abundance of Proteobacteria phyla displayed a reduction in six studies among the seven studies that mentioned it [14,18,21,29,33,37,39]. However, a slight increase in Proteobacteria was detected in elite athletes engaging in strenuous exercise, which might result from the negative impact on the GM because of overloaded or prolonged training.…”

“…Furthermore, the type of intervention was also an important factor in the association with the microbial diversity index [29]. According to the results of this review, the coordinated intervention of varied exercise patterns showed a significant effect on the microbial diversity index of adults [20,21]. Hence, people participating in various sports events might gain a higher flora diversity than those performing a simplex pattern of exercise intervention.…”

Xiasangju alleviate metabolic syndrome by enhancing noradrenaline biosynthesis and activating brown adipose tissue

“…Candidatus Stoquefichus and Holdemania both belong to the Erysipelotrichaceae family, have been associated with heightened intestinal inflammation. Existing research highlights a plausible link between Holdemania and glucose and lipid metabolism disorders ( Zhong et al, 2022 ; Lippert et al, 2017 ; T; Zhao et al, 2021 ; Biassoni et al, 2020 ). The study indicates that fructose-induced colitis was accompanied by increased Holdemania abundance, concomitant with s suppressed ZO-1 expression and increased LPS levels ( Song et al, 2023 ).…”

Research Progress on the Correlation Between Hypertension and Gut Microbiota

“… Kulecka et al 26 (2020) Polish elite athletes (endurance sports) 16S Prevotella, and Veillonella genus ↑ / Increase the diversity of gut microbes and optimize the structure of gut microbes. Zhong et al 27 (2022) Elderly women 16S Alpha diversity; members of the order Coriobacteriales; Asaccharobacter, Collinsella and Fusicatenibacter↑; risk of metabolic syndrome↓ 8-week exercise training Regulate the structure of gut microbes, reduce the risk of CVD, and enhance physical functions. Wu et al 28 (2023) Middle-aged and elderly people in China 16S BP and heart rate levels ↓, immune-inflammatory factors (IL-6, IL-10) ↓, F/B ratio ↓, abundance of Escherichia-Shigella ↓, Bacteroides ↑ 12 weeks of LZJ training.…”

“…These metabolites have biological activities such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that can directly or indirectly influence BP regulatory mechanisms. 27 In addition, forms of exercise through harmonising the breath have shown significant positive effects in the treatment of hypertension. Among them, Liuzijue training (LZJ), a traditional exercise therapy that integrates breathing meditation with physical activity, has unique advantages in the prevention and improvement of hypertension.…”