Effects of combination of immunomodulators and an adrenochrome derivative on survival of irradiated mice

Kimura, Hiroshi; Ikebuchi, Motoyoshi; Nyaruba, Mwijarubi M.; Sugamoto, Kazushi; Aoyama, Takashi; Sugahara, Tsutomu

doi:10.1016/0360-3016(94)90470-7

Cited by 2 publications

References 13 publications

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Development of Radiation Countermeasures

Pellmar

2008

Wiley Handbook of Science and Technology for Homeland Security

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Medical countermeasures are required to address the emerging radiological and nuclear threats. Radiation injury can result from exposure to external, penetrating radiation or internalized radionuclides. Countermeasures for internal contamination focus on decorporation and protecting the primary site of activity. No countermeasures are currently approved for the acute radiation syndrome that results from external exposures, but significant efforts are ongoing to develop new agents to counter the cascade of damage from ionizing radiation. Antioxidants and enzyme mimics are directed toward prevention of free radical damage to macromolecules. Other agents target the affected cell‐signaling pathways: preventing apoptosis, triggering cell cycle arrest, or modulating the inflammatory response. To counter the loss of progenitor cells, particularly in the bone marrow and the gut, drugs such as the cytokines and other immunomodulators are developed to promote proliferation of new cells. If radiation injury proceeds to organ failure and infection, supportive care and antibiotics provide significant therapeutic value. In addition to the radiation dose, several factors impact the severity of the injury. Among these are radiation quality (e.g. neutron–gamma mixed fields) and dose rate, combined injuries, and partial‐body exposures. In future efforts, it will be important to consider these factors, which can modulate the radiation response and possibly affect the efficacy of the treatments. Although an ideal countermeasure that is inexpensive, stable with a long shelf‐life, easily administered, nontoxic, and efficacious is yet to be attained, new options continue to arise. Many promising drugs are in the pipeline.

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Development of Radiation Countermeasures

Pellmar

2008

Wiley Handbook of Science and Technology for Homeland Security

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Effects of lithium chloride as a potential radioprotective agent on radiation response of DNA synthesis in mouse germinal cells

Bhattacharjee

Rajan

Krishnamoorthy

et al. 1997

Radiation and Environmental Biophysics

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Mouse spermatogonial germ cells are highly sensitive to ionizing radiation. Lithium salts are reported to stimulate the postirradiation recovery of hematopoietic marrow cells. We have, therefore, examined whether administered lithium chloride (LiCl) would also be able to protect the mouse germinal cells against radiation injury. Taking DNA synthesis as an endpoint, our results show that the testicular DNA-specific activity in irradiated mice was higher by 61% on average when they had been pretreated with LiCl both 24 h and 1 h prior to gamma-irradiation (2.0 Gy). It was also observed that the DNA synthetic activity in the germinal cells fully recovered after LiCl pretreatment at doses of 40 mg per kg body weight prior to total body irradiation of 0.05-0.25 Gy, whereas at doses of 0.5-6.0 Gy, following the same procedure of LiCl pretreatment, only an incomplete recovery was observed. The dose reduction factor for LiCl is 1.84. The current findings indicate that pretreatment with LiCl provides considerable protection against radiation damage in mouse spermatogonia.

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Effects of combination of immunomodulators and an adrenochrome derivative on survival of irradiated mice

Cited by 2 publications

References 13 publications

Development of Radiation Countermeasures

Development of Radiation Countermeasures

Effects of lithium chloride as a potential radioprotective agent on radiation response of DNA synthesis in mouse germinal cells

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