Effects of colostrum on summit metabolic rate in Scottish Blackface lambs at five hours old

Eales, FA; Small, J.

doi:10.1016/s0034-5288(18)32539-6

Cited by 27 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The figures for heat production under thermoneutral conditions given in Table 1, referred to here as 'thermoneutral heat production', relate to individuals exhibiting some physical activity. They also relate to unfed new-borns; feeding increases thermoneutral heat production by about 10% in infants (Gentz, Kellum & Persson, 1976), by about 30% in piglets (Gentz et al 1970b; and by about 40 o in lambs (Eales & Small, 1981). It is not clear why the heat increment of feeding is proportionately lower in infants than in piglets or lambs, but contributory factors could include the lower maximum colostrum intakes of which infants are capable during the first day after birth (infants, about 70 ml/kg; piglets and lambs, about 290 ml/kg), the lower fat content of human compared to sow or ewe colostrum (Table 5), and distinct but as yet undefined Widdowson (1959).…”

Section: Heat Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In unfed new-borns the respiratory quotient is usually higher immediately after birth than subsequently (Table 1) and is about 0 06 to 0 10 higher in normal than in growth retarded or preterm infants (Senterre & Karlberg, 1970), the higher respiratory quotients indicating a greater dependence on carbohydrate. Similarly, when piglets and lambs are cold stressed during the first day the respiratory quotient increases as heat production increases (Mount, 1969;Eales & Small, 1981, 1986. At 32-38°C the respiratory quotient in lambs is known only for the first six hours after birth (Eales & Small, 1981, 1986.…”

Section: Substrates For Heat Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, when piglets and lambs are cold stressed during the first day the respiratory quotient increases as heat production increases (Mount, 1969;Eales & Small, 1981, 1986. At 32-38°C the respiratory quotient in lambs is known only for the first six hours after birth (Eales & Small, 1981, 1986. Subsequently, it would be expected to decrease as carbohydrate reserves are used, so that a decrease of 0 05 has been assumed in Table 1 and in the calculations which follow.…”

Section: Substrates For Heat Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Comparison of Energy Metabolism in the New‐born Infant, Piglet and Lamb

1986

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Characteristics of energy metabolism in the new‐born infant, piglet and lamb have been compared quantitatively in order to assess how the constraints imposed by the availabilities of energy substrates in body reserves and colostrum differ between species and affect the new‐born's well being during the first day after birth. Three air temperature ranges, described as thermoneutral (32‐38 °C), moderate (18‐26 °C) and cold (0‐10 °C) and representing the usual birth environments of infants, piglets and lambs, respectively, have been considered. The analysis revealed the following noteworthy points. Carbohydrate and lipid are the major energy substrates for heat production because protein catabolism is minimal during the first day after birth in all three species. The availability of carbohydrate determines how long the new‐born can avoid hypoglycaemia, which threatens well being because it leads to hypothermia or compromised cerebral function, but lipid availability can affect the periods for which the carbohydrate can last. Thus, in unfed piglets and lambs the available reserves of liver and skeletal muscle glycogen (g/kg body weight) are similar in normal (n.) and growth retarded (g.r.) individuals, but glycogen exhaustion occurs earlier in g.r. new‐borns because a reduced lipid availability in them increases their dependence on carbohydrate. In contrast, lipid energy is plentiful in g.r., preterm (p.) and n. infants, so that the faster depletion of glycogen in g.r./p. than in n. individuals is primarily due to a restricted prenatal glycogen deposition in the former. The usual colostrum intakes of n. infants are very low during the first day, but their body reserves can supply the required energy, the major source of carbohydrate being liver glycogen. However, g.r./p. infants require supplementary feeding, the choice of feed being determined by factors such as the intakes the infants can achieve, the carbohydrate content of the feed and the need to ensure a balanced supply of minerals, electrolytes and other substances. In their usual birth environments piglets and lambs, whether growth retarded or not, require colostrum to avoid hypothermia during the first day. The colostrum of both species is rich in lipid, which corrects any deficit in the new‐born and thus extends the availability of glycogen, but at the usual colostrum intakes the amounts of lactose can provide sufficient carbohydrate energy for only about half a day. Piglets and lambs, even when fed fully, are therefore obliged to call on their body glycogen reserves in order to make up the difference. After the first day in all three species milk must rapidly become the only source of carbohydrate, lipid and protein. It is suggested that despite differences between them, the piglet or lamb could prove to be useful animal models of the infant's metabolism, but only if the experimental conditions are chosen carefully.

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Section: Heat Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Substrates For Heat Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Substrates For Heat Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Comparison of Energy Metabolism in the New‐born Infant, Piglet and Lamb

1986

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“…An inactive lamb may experience hunger due to its inability to suckle sufficient milk. The lack of milk can lead to an inability to produce sufficient heat and lead to hypothermia (Eales and Small, 1981). Lamb mortality is higher among lambs that take longer to stand, and these lambs also take longer to find the udder and to suckle (Dwyer et al, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Newborn lambs are highly susceptible to hypothermia due to their high surface area to mass ratio and because they have trouble conserving heat, as they are wet when born and do not have a well-developed insulating surface (Eales and Small, 1985). An increase of 40% in the production of body heat occurs with the ingestion of colostrum in newborn lambs (Eales and Small, 1981). Thus, a good portion of the energetic supply for the newborn comes from colostrum, and the faster they access the udder, the greater their chances of surviving the adversities of the external environment are.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the climatic environment and duration of labor on the mother-offspring interaction in Morada Nova sheep

Fonsêca

Saraiva

Filho

et al. 2014

Journal of Animal Science

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The objective of this study was to confirm the influences of stress from labor and climate on the formation of the mother-offspring bond in Morada Nova sheep in the first 2 h after delivery or at the moment of the first suckling of the newborn. The data were collected from 80 Morada Nova ewes (25 primiparous and 55 multiparous) and their lambs in 2 periods of the year. On the basis of the average length of parturition and the black globe temperature-humidity index (BGTHI) at the time of the birth, the ewes were grouped into 3 classes corresponding to the length of parturition, classified as short (less than 15 min), medium (between 15 and 30 min), or long (more than 30 min). Similarly, the BGTHI at the moment of birth was classified into 1 of 3 ranges: low (less than 65), intermediate (greater than 65 but less than 80), and high (greater than 80). For the characterization of mother-offspring behavior, evaluations were performed in the first 2 h after birth or until the moment of the first suckling of the newborn. Maternal factors such as maternal grooming, facilitating sucking, frequency of low-pitched bleats, and latency to groom were recorded. For the lamb, attempts to seek the udder, the frequency of low-pitched bleats, latency to first reaction, latency to stand, and latency to suckle were recorded. The lambs were slower (P < 0.05) to stand and suckle when they were born in conditions of a BGTHI below 65. The latencies to stand and suckle were greater (P < 0.05) in newborn lambs born during labor that took more than 30 min. For maternal behaviors, activities such as maternal grooming and the facilitation of suckling were greater (P < 0.05) during the time periods with higher bioclimatic index values. Moreover, the dams cleaned or licked (maternal grooming) the newborns for a lower percentage of time (P < 0.05) when the labor lasted longer than 30 min. From the present study, it can be concluded that newborn Morada Nova lambs are slower to stand and suckle when born under BGTHI conditions below 65. Furthermore, prolonged labor harms the mother-offspring bond, especially in terms of the dam's ability to clean (maternal grooming) her lamb's body and facilitate its first suckling.

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