Effects of cold recovery technology on the microbial drinking water quality in unchlorinated distribution systems

Ahmad, Jawairia Imtiaz; Liu, Gang; Wielen, P.W.J.J. van der; Medema, Gertjan; Hoek, Jan Peter van der

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2020.109175

Cited by 9 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…S1 (Supplementary material), the pilot chlorinated system operated in the laboratory of Delft University of Technology consisted of a chemical dosing subsystem (CDS) and three parallel pipelines, which were (i) an experimental pipeline with an operational heat-exchanger (OHE) (Pipe1), (ii) a reference pipeline with a non-operational heat-exchanger (NOHE) (Pipe2), and (iii) a reference pipeline without a HE (Pipe3). The detailed information about the two HEs and the reason of setting two reference pipelines have been discussed in our previous study (Ahmad et al, 2020). The set-up was supplied with drinking water from the treatment plant "Kralingen" of drinking water utility Evides, Rotterdam, the Netherlands, and subsequently dosed with NaClO solution and NaAc solution (appropriate AOC supplement).…”

Section: Experimental Set-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alpha diversity analysis revealed that due to the higher temperature (approximate 27°C) of the OHE's wall surface than that of NOHE's (Ahmad et al, 2020), the biofilm of OHE had less diverse but more stable community composition than NOHE, which was rewarding to maintain the water quality after the cold recovery. PCoA analysis showed that the community compositions of p1A, p2A and p3A clustered in one group (all on PVC-U surface), compared to OHE and NOHE (both on 316 stainless steel (SS) surface), indicating surface material could shape the biofilm community structure.…”

Section: Biofilmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of the heat exchange, the water temperature in drinking water distribution system (DWDS) will experience an elevation, which may pose effects on microbiological growth and activity in both bulk water and biofilms (Hallam et al, 2001;van der Wielen and van der Kooij, 2010). In our previous study, such effects were evaluated in a pilot-scale nonchlorinated DWDS (Ahmad et al, 2020). However, no research has been conducted in a chlorinated one.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our previous study, the effect of cold recovery (with subsequent sudden temperature rise in the distributed drinking water) on microbial characteristics in both water and biofilms were investigated (Ahmad et al, 2020). However, the results were obtained through a nonchlorinated pilot DWDS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermal energy recovery from chlorinated drinking water distribution systems: Effect on chlorine and microbial water and biofilm characteristics

Zhou

Ahmad

Hoek

et al. 2020

Environmental Research

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Thermal energy recovery from drinking water has a high potential in the application of sustainable building and industrial cooling. However, drinking water and biofilm microbial qualities should be concerned because the elevated water temperature after cold recovery may influence the microbial activities in water and biofilm phases in drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs). In this study, the effect of cold recovery on microbial qualities was investigated in a chlorinated DWDS. The chlorine decay was slight (1.1%-15.5%) due to a short contact time (~60 s) and was not affected by the cold recovery (p > 0.05). The concentrations of cellular ATP and intact cell numbers in the bulk water were partially inactivated by the residual chlorine, with the removal rates of 10.1%-16.2% and 22.4%-29.4%, respectively. The chlorine inactivation was probably promoted by heat exchangers but was not further enhanced by higher temperatures. The higher water temperature (25°C) enhanced the growth of biofilm biomass on pipelines. Principle coordination analysis (PCoA) showed that the biofilms on the stainless steel plates of HEs and the plastic pipe inner surfaces had totally different community compositions. Elevated temperatures favored the growth of Pseudomonas spp. and Legionella spp. in the biofilm after cold recovery. The community functional predictions revealed more abundances of five human diseases (e.g. Staphylococcis aureus infection) and beta-lactam resistance pathways in the biofilms at higher temperature. Compared with a previous study with a non-chlorinated DWDS, chlorine dramatically reduced the biofilm biomass growth but raised the relative abundances of the chlorine-resistant genera (i.e. Pseudomonas and Sphingomonas) in bacterial communities.

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Section: Experimental Set-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Biofilmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermal energy recovery from chlorinated drinking water distribution systems: Effect on chlorine and microbial water and biofilm characteristics

Zhou

Ahmad

Hoek

et al. 2020

Environmental Research

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“…Further, the produced drinking water is distributed through extended drinking water transport and distribution systems. Worldwide, the biological stability of drinking water is maintained either by limiting nutrient concentrations or by applying a disinfectant residual to minimize the regrowth of microorganisms [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water quality analysis within a rural locality distribution network

Vîrlan

Toma

Stătescu

et al. 2020

Ann_UGAL_Math_Phys_Mec

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The law on drinking water quality aims to protect human health against the effects of any type of contamination by ensuring its quality of clean and health-safe water. Many cases of illness in populations are due to the fact that in their community there is no strict regulation and control regarding the water quality at the source which supplies their water systems. Thus, special importance must be given to the drinking water supply in rural areas, considering that a large part of populated centers within this category do not benefit from centralized drinking water systems. This paper will analyze a small distribution network within a commune in Suceava County. Hydraulic and water quality analysis calculations in the distribution network were performed by means of the EPANET 2.0 software. For the water quality analysis, a surveyed factor was the variation in time of free residual chlorine concentration, this parameter being monitored along with the distribution network (corresponding both to a first order reaction in the fluid volume and at pipe wall, and to a second order reaction within the fluid volume). The hourly water consumption on a working day was considered in compliance with the Romanian standards for villages and rural areas, and the simulation was performed for a period of 72 hours.

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The role of antibiotics and heavy metals on the development, promotion, and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance in drinking water biofilms

et al. 2021

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Effects of cold recovery technology on the microbial drinking water quality in unchlorinated distribution systems

Cited by 9 publications

References 43 publications

Thermal energy recovery from chlorinated drinking water distribution systems: Effect on chlorine and microbial water and biofilm characteristics

Thermal energy recovery from chlorinated drinking water distribution systems: Effect on chlorine and microbial water and biofilm characteristics

Water quality analysis within a rural locality distribution network

The role of antibiotics and heavy metals on the development, promotion, and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance in drinking water biofilms

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