Effects of coke oven emissions and benzo[a]pyrene on blood pressure and electrocardiogram in coke oven workers

Yang, Kai; Jiang, Xuejun; Cheng, Shuqun; Chen, Chengzhi; Cao, Xin; Tu, Baijie

doi:10.1539/joh.15-0264-oa

Cited by 21 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…Coke oven workers are highly exposed to PAHs, and studies have associated coke oven emission to hypertension and abnormal electrocardiography [142–144]. Furthermore, the levels of 2-hydroxyphenanthrene, 3-hydroxybenzo[ a ]pyrene, and 3-hydroxy-benzo[ a ]anthracene were positively associated with diastolic blood pressure in chimney sweepers [145].…”

Section: The Role Of Organic Chemicals and Pah In Mediating Cvdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential role of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as mediators of cardiovascular effects from combustion particles

et al. 2019

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Air pollution is the most important environmental risk factor for disease and premature death, and exposure to combustion particles from vehicles is a major contributor. Human epidemiological studies combined with experimental studies strongly suggest that exposure to combustion particles may enhance the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), including atherosclerosis, hypertension, thrombosis and myocardial infarction. In this review we hypothesize that adhered organic chemicals like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), contribute to development or exacerbation of CVD from combustion particles exposure. We summarize present knowledge from existing human epidemiological and clinical studies as well as experimental studies in animals and relevant in vitro studies. The available evidence suggests that organic compounds attached to these particles are significant triggers of CVD. Furthermore, their effects seem to be mediated at least in part by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). The mechanisms include AhR-induced changes in gene expression as well as formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and/or reactive electrophilic metabolites. This is in accordance with a role of PAHs, as they seem to be the major chemical group on combustion particles, which bind AhR and/or is metabolically activated by CYP-enzymes. In some experimental models however, it seems as PAHs may induce an inflammatory atherosclerotic plaque phenotype irrespective of DNA- and/or AhR-ligand binding properties. Thus, various components and several signalling mechanisms/pathways are likely involved in CVD induced by combustion particles. We still need to expand our knowledge about the role of PAHs in CVD and in particular the relative importance of the different PAH species. This warrants further studies as enhanced knowledge on this issue may amend risk assessment of CVD caused by combustion particles and selection of efficient measures to reduce the health effects of particular matters (PM).

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Section: The Role Of Organic Chemicals and Pah In Mediating Cvdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential role of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as mediators of cardiovascular effects from combustion particles

et al. 2019

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“…Levels of urinary PAH biomarkers have been associated with CVD in US adults [ 12 ], and a link between exposure to PAHs and pre-hypertension has been reported in children [ 13 ]. Furthermore, benzo[ a ]pyrene (B[ a ]P), often used as an indicator of PAHs [ 14 ], was associated with blood pressure elevation in coke oven workers [ 15 ]. In line with studies indicating PAHs adhered to inhaled particles may diffuse into the bloodstream [ 14 , 16 , 17 ], recent findings from our laboratory suggest that lipophilic DEP-OC may penetrate the epithelial layer of a 3D tri-culture mimicking the alveolar barrier and affect endothelial cells, triggering pro-inflammatory responses [ 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipophilic Chemicals from Diesel Exhaust Particles Trigger Calcium Response in Human Endothelial Cells via Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Non-Genomic Signalling

Brinchmann

Ferrec

Podechard

et al. 2018

IJMS

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Exposure to diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) affects endothelial function and may contribute to the development of atherosclerosis and vasomotor dysfunction. As intracellular calcium concentration [Ca2+]i is considered important in myoendothelial signalling, we explored the effects of extractable organic matter from DEPs (DEP-EOM) on [Ca2+]i and membrane microstructure in endothelial cells. DEP-EOM of increasing polarity was obtained by pressurized sequential extraction of DEPs with n-hexane (n-Hex-EOM), dichloromethane (DCM-EOM), methanol, and water. Chemical analysis revealed that the majority of organic matter was extracted by the n-Hex- and DCM-EOM, with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons primarily occurring in n-Hex-EOM. The concentration of calcium was measured in human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) using micro-spectrofluorometry. The lipophilic n-Hex-EOM and DCM-EOM, but not the more polar methanol- and water-soluble extracts, induced rapid [Ca2+]i increases in HMEC-1. n-Hex-EOM triggered [Ca2+]i increase from intracellular stores, followed by extracellular calcium influx consistent with store operated calcium entry (SOCE). By contrast, the less lipophilic DCM-EOM triggered [Ca2+]i increase via extracellular influx alone, resembling receptor operated calcium entry (ROCE). Both extracts increased [Ca2+]i via aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) non-genomic signalling, verified by pharmacological inhibition and RNA-interference. Moreover, DCM-EOM appeared to induce an AhR-dependent reduction in the global plasma membrane order, as visualized by confocal fluorescence microscopy. DCM-EOM-triggered [Ca2+]i increase and membrane alterations were attenuated by the membrane stabilizing lipid cholesterol. In conclusion, lipophilic constituents of DEPs extracted by n-hexane and DCM seem to induce rapid AhR-dependent [Ca2+]i increase in HMEC-1 endothelial cells, possibly involving both ROCE and SOCE-mediated mechanisms. The semi-lipophilic fraction extracted by DCM also caused an AhR-dependent reduction in global membrane order, which appeared to be connected to the [Ca2+]i increase.

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“…Coke oven workers and chimney sweeps are exposed to high levels of PAHs. Coke oven emissions are associated with hypertension and abnormal electrocardiographic parameters 37 . One study showed that PAH metabolites including 2-hydroxyphenanthrene, 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene, and 3-hydroxy-benzo[a]anthracene are associated with increased diastolic blood pressure in chimney sweeps 38 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and hypertension in the Korean population: data from the Second Korean National Environmental Health Survey (2012–2014)

Lee

Kim

Ryu

2020

Sci Rep

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are environmental and occupational pollutants derived from incomplete combustion of organic materials, including wood and fossil fuels. Epidemiological studies have evaluated the association between PAH exposure and hypertension or cardiovascular disease in the general population, but the evidence is limited. In this study, we evaluated the association between urinary PAH metabolites and hypertension in the Korean adult population. A total of 6478 adults who participated in the Second Korean National Environmental Health Survey (2012–2014) were included. The differences in urinary concentrations of four PAH metabolites, including 1-hydroxypyrene, 2-hydroxyfluorene, 1-hydroxyphenanthrene, and 2-naphthol, were compared according to hypertension status using a general linear model. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for hypertension were calculated according to the quartile groups of urinary PAH metabolites after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), smoking, and alcohol consumption in multiple logistic regression analyses. The estimated mean concentrations of urinary 1-hydroxyphenanthrene were significantly higher in the hypertension group than in the non-hypertension group. In 1-hydroxyphenanthrene, the OR for hypertension was significantly higher in the third and fourth quartile groups than in the first quartile group (third: OR 1.707, 95% CI 1.203–2.423, fourth: OR 1.604, 95% CI 1.158–2.223). No significant associations were detected for the other metabolites. Our results suggest an association between exposure to PAHs and hypertension in a Korean adult population. Further studies are required to evaluate the effects of low-dose long-term exposure to PAHs on hypertension and cardiovascular disease.

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Effects of coke oven emissions and benzo[a]pyrene on blood pressure and electrocardiogram in coke oven workers

Cited by 21 publications

References 24 publications

Potential role of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as mediators of cardiovascular effects from combustion particles

Potential role of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as mediators of cardiovascular effects from combustion particles

Lipophilic Chemicals from Diesel Exhaust Particles Trigger Calcium Response in Human Endothelial Cells via Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Non-Genomic Signalling

Association between urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and hypertension in the Korean population: data from the Second Korean National Environmental Health Survey (2012–2014)

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