Effects of cocoa extract and a multivitamin on cognitive function: A randomized clinical trial

Baker, Laura D.; Manson, JoAnn E.; Rapp, Stéphen R.; Sesso, Howard D.; Gaussoin, Sarah A.; Shumaker, Sally A.; Espeland, Mark A.

doi:10.1002/alz.12767

Cited by 38 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…In general, vitamin and mineral supplementation are common habits, aiming to prevent cardiovascular and oncologic diseases and, potentially, obtain mental and physical benefits [ 8 – 11 ], but their true efficacy is still not evident or well demonstrated. Similarly, supplementation during pregnancy has been studied in relation to both maternal and fetal wellness [ 12 , 13 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin B6 Neonatal Toxicity

Guala¹,

Folgori

Silvestri³

et al. 2022

Case Reports in Pediatrics

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Vitamin B6 is a micronutrient required by the body. It acts as a coenzyme in biochemical reactions. Vitamin B6 toxicity is not caused by the intake of food-based sources. The few reported cases of vitamin B6 toxicity are always caused by overdosing of nutritional supplements. Chronic toxicity typically occurs with peripheral neuropathy such as paraesthesia, ataxia, and imbalance, paradoxically mimicking vitamin B6 deficiency. However, the prognosis is favorable, and symptoms usually show improvement once excessive vitamin B6 levels return to the physiological range. We report a newborn presenting with diffuse tremor at birth, interpreted as secondary to the mother's intake of high doses of a supplement containing vitamin B6 during pregnancy and breastfeeding. As expected, the newborn’s serum levels of vitamin B6 were high. The tremors disappeared when the maternal supplement was stopped.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin B6 Neonatal Toxicity

Guala¹,

Folgori

Silvestri³

et al. 2022

Case Reports in Pediatrics

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“…Long-term supplementation with anti-oxidant vitamins and mineral supplements is the most promising area for future research. Supplements including but not limited to ß-carotene, vitamin B12, folate (vitamin B9), vitamin B6, vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium, zinc, omega 3-fatty acids, glutathione, coenzyme Q10, alpha lipoic acid, choline, phosphatidylserine, and acetyl-L-carnitine may (a) improve short term memory in aging patients who have difficulty with recall, (b) improve the memory of patients with SCI or MCI, (c) help reverse some of the degenerative changes in brain function, and (d) prevent age-related mental decline and slow the progression of AD [ 258 , 259 , 260 , 261 , 262 , 263 , 264 , 265 , 266 , 267 , 268 , 269 , 270 ].…”

Section: Multiple Strategies To Optimize Brain Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rationale for a Multi-Factorial Approach for the Reversal of Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer’s Disease and MCI: A Review

Rao¹,

Subramaniam

Gregory³

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a multifactorial, progressive, neurodegenerative disease typically characterized by memory loss, personality changes, and a decline in overall cognitive function. Usually manifesting in individuals over the age of 60, this is the most prevalent type of dementia and remains the fifth leading cause of death among Americans aged 65 and older. While the development of effective treatment and prevention for AD is a major healthcare goal, unfortunately, therapeutic approaches to date have yet to find a treatment plan that produces long-term cognitive improvement. Drugs that may be able to slow down the progression rate of AD are being introduced to the market; however, there has been no previous solution for preventing or reversing the disease-associated cognitive decline. Recent studies have identified several factors that contribute to the progression and severity of the disease: diet, lifestyle, stress, sleep, nutrient deficiencies, mental health, socialization, and toxins. Thus, increasing evidence supports dietary and other lifestyle changes as potentially effective ways to prevent, slow, or reverse AD progression. Studies also have demonstrated that a personalized, multi-therapeutic approach is needed to improve metabolic abnormalities and AD-associated cognitive decline. These studies suggest the effects of abnormalities, such as insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, hypovitaminosis D, hormonal deficiencies, and hyperhomocysteinemia, in the AD process. Therefore a personalized, multi-therapeutic program based on an individual’s genetics and biochemistry may be preferable over a single-drug/mono-therapeutic approach. This article reviews these multi-therapeutic strategies that identify and attenuate all the risk factors specific to each affected individual. This article systematically reviews studies that have incorporated multiple strategies that target numerous factors simultaneously to reverse or treat cognitive decline. We included high-quality clinical trials and observational studies that focused on the cognitive effects of programs comprising lifestyle, physical, and mental activity, as well as nutritional aspects. Articles from PubMed Central, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases were collected, and abstracts were reviewed for relevance to the subject matter. Epidemiological, pathological, toxicological, genetic, and biochemical studies have all concluded that AD represents a complex network insufficiency. The research studies explored in this manuscript confirm the need for a multifactorial approach to target the various risk factors of AD. A single-drug approach may delay the progression of memory loss but, to date, has not prevented or reversed it. Diet, physical activity, sleep, stress, and environment all contribute to the progression of the disease, and, therefore, a multi-factorial optimization of network support and function offers a rational therapeutic strategy. Thus, a multi-therapeutic program that simultaneously targets multiple factors underlying the AD network may be more effective than a mono-therapeutic approach.

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“…COSMOS-Mind was the first large-scale, long-term randomized controlled trial (NCT03035201) to assess the long-term effects of cocoa extract (containing 500 mg/day of cocoa flavanols) on global cognition in older women and men. However, the authors stated that daily ingestion of cocoa extract for 3 years had no impact on cognition [ 228 ]. Subsequently, another large clinical trial was conducted in older adults (COSMOS Web-NCT04582617).…”

Section: Polyphenols’ Regulation Of Ageing—a Clinical Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

The Molecular Mechanism of Polyphenols in the Regulation of Ageing Hallmarks

Pereira

Santos

Fortunato

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Ageing is a complex process characterized mainly by a decline in the function of cells, tissues, and organs, resulting in an increased risk of mortality. This process involves several changes, described as hallmarks of ageing, which include genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic changes, loss of proteostasis, dysregulated nutrient sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell depletion, and altered intracellular communication. The determining role that environmental factors such as diet and lifestyle play on health, life expectancy, and susceptibility to diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, is wellestablished. In view of the growing interest in the beneficial effects of phytochemicals in the prevention of chronic diseases, several studies have been conducted, and they strongly suggest that the intake of dietary polyphenols may bring numerous benefits due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and their intake has been associated with impaired ageing in humans. Polyphenol intake has been shown to be effective in ameliorating several age-related phenotypes, including oxidative stress, inflammatory processes, impaired proteostasis, and cellular senescence, among other features, which contribute to an increased risk of ageing-associated diseases. This review aims to address, in a general way, the main findings described in the literature about the benefits of polyphenols in each of the hallmarks of ageing, as well as the main regulatory mechanisms responsible for the observed antiageing effects.

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Effects of cocoa extract and a multivitamin on cognitive function: A randomized clinical trial

Cited by 38 publications

References 69 publications

Vitamin B6 Neonatal Toxicity

Vitamin B6 Neonatal Toxicity

Rationale for a Multi-Factorial Approach for the Reversal of Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer’s Disease and MCI: A Review

The Molecular Mechanism of Polyphenols in the Regulation of Ageing Hallmarks

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