Effects of cocaine on human nasal mucosa

Abstract

The effects of cocaine on the contractile response of isolated human nasal mucosal blood vessels to field stimulation and methoxamine were investigated. Results showed that cocaine antagonized methoxamine and inhibited field stimulation. The drug increased resting tension in human nasal mucosa in vitro through direct actions and potentiated mucosal contractions by norepinephrine and epinephrine. The study indicated that high concentrations of cocaine may actually antagonize alpha-adrenoceptors, but these concentrations are not necessary in eliciting desired degrees of vasoconstriction in nasal blood vessels while being applied as a local anesthetic.

Effects of Capsaicin on Human Nasal Mucosa

“…Our results also showed that capsaicin could potentiate the effect of NE on nasal mucosa. But unlike the effects of cocaine, capsaicin lacked a direct action on human nasal mucosa in vitro [13]. Both methoxamine and NE are ·-adrenergic agonists.…”

Oronasal Fistula with Palatal Involvement Secondary to Cocaine Use

“…1 Vasoconstriction is a well-known local sympathetic effect of cocaine that may lead to ischemia, inflammation, ulceration and ultimately necrosis of the nasopharyngeal structures implicated by snorting cocaine. 2 Nasal septal perforation is present in 4.8% of abusers, making it the most common complication of cocaine abuse. 3 Chronic cocaine use may contribute to larger lesions and further destruction of the surrounding osteocartilaginous structures.…”

Effect of Intraoperative Injection of 0.25% Bupivacaine with 1:200,000 Epinephrine on Intraoperative Blood Loss in FESS

“…Cocaine potentiates the injected epinephrine, increasing the possibility of toxic side effects. 11 Anderhuber et al found that even though systemic absorption of locally injected vasoconstrictors occur, adrenalin-related side effects during FESS are extremely rare when the patient is in a monitored setting. 12 Several other studies have described alteration of hemodynamic states after the injection of local anesthetic containing epinephrine.…”