“…These results suggest that AtHIRP1 may prefer Zn 2ϩ most among the five metals tested. In plants, Zn content (approximately 20 mg kg Ϫ1 dry weight) is known to be much higher than the contents of Co (approximately 1 mg kg Ϫ1 dry weight), Ni (approximately 0.1 mg kg Ϫ1 dry weight), and Cu (approximately 6 mg kg Ϫ1 dry weight), whereas the contents can vary widely depending on plant species and environmental conditions (Palit et al 1994;Palmer and Guerinot 2009). Taken together, we decided to perform following tests with Zn…”
It is well documented that metal-binding peptides, such as phytochelatins and metallothioneins, are involved in metal homeostasis and tolerance in plants. These peptides bind metals by means of the thiol groups of cysteine residues. Histidine is also known to be a metal-binding residue. It has been demonstrated that microorganisms and mammals possess histidine-rich metal-binding peptides for the storage and homeostasis of metals. In plants, however, only several examples which describe the characteristics of the histidine-rich metal binding peptides have been reported. We therefore searched for histidine-rich peptides in the Arabidopsis database. Here, we describe a candidate gene designated Arabidopsis thaliana histidine-rich peptide 1 (AtHIRP1). AtHIRP1, which belongs to a small auxin-up RNA (SAUR) family in Arabidopsis, shows the highest histidine content (19.7% of total amino acid residues) in the Arabidopsis genome. The recombinant AtHIRP1 apparently bound to Co . In the case of the AtHIRP1-Zn 2ϩ binding, the dissociation constant was 0.58 mM and the maximum binding capacity was 12 mol Zn 2ϩ per 1 mol AtHIRP1. The accumulation of AtHIRP1 transcripts increased by drought stresses. These results suggest that AtHIRP1 is a metal-binding peptide which may function in plants exposed to abiotic stresses.
“…These results suggest that AtHIRP1 may prefer Zn 2ϩ most among the five metals tested. In plants, Zn content (approximately 20 mg kg Ϫ1 dry weight) is known to be much higher than the contents of Co (approximately 1 mg kg Ϫ1 dry weight), Ni (approximately 0.1 mg kg Ϫ1 dry weight), and Cu (approximately 6 mg kg Ϫ1 dry weight), whereas the contents can vary widely depending on plant species and environmental conditions (Palit et al 1994;Palmer and Guerinot 2009). Taken together, we decided to perform following tests with Zn…”
It is well documented that metal-binding peptides, such as phytochelatins and metallothioneins, are involved in metal homeostasis and tolerance in plants. These peptides bind metals by means of the thiol groups of cysteine residues. Histidine is also known to be a metal-binding residue. It has been demonstrated that microorganisms and mammals possess histidine-rich metal-binding peptides for the storage and homeostasis of metals. In plants, however, only several examples which describe the characteristics of the histidine-rich metal binding peptides have been reported. We therefore searched for histidine-rich peptides in the Arabidopsis database. Here, we describe a candidate gene designated Arabidopsis thaliana histidine-rich peptide 1 (AtHIRP1). AtHIRP1, which belongs to a small auxin-up RNA (SAUR) family in Arabidopsis, shows the highest histidine content (19.7% of total amino acid residues) in the Arabidopsis genome. The recombinant AtHIRP1 apparently bound to Co . In the case of the AtHIRP1-Zn 2ϩ binding, the dissociation constant was 0.58 mM and the maximum binding capacity was 12 mol Zn 2ϩ per 1 mol AtHIRP1. The accumulation of AtHIRP1 transcripts increased by drought stresses. These results suggest that AtHIRP1 is a metal-binding peptide which may function in plants exposed to abiotic stresses.
“…A possible explanation of the described phenomenon is the inhibitory effect of Co on Cd uptake. Indeed, Co was shown to reduce Cd uptake in bush beans and green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardatii [16,34]. However, in the referenced experiments the treatment times were much longer (21 and 60 days respectively).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 87%
“…Results which showed no statistically significant differences are marked with the same letter (a or b). to DNA damage as well as decrease in RNA levels [16][17][18][19][20].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…One of the commonly used inhibitor is Co, which affects the activity of a key enzyme in ethylene's biosynthesis pathway -1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase (ACO) [14]. However, although relatively low concentration of Co might be beneficial for plants, higher concentrations exhibit toxic effect [15,16]. This metal has been shown to inhibit plants growth, cause oxidative stress, DNA damage and disturbances in photosynthesis [16][17][18][19][20].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This metal has been shown to inhibit plants growth, cause oxidative stress, DNA damage and disturbances in photosynthesis [16][17][18][19][20]. Excess of Co also leads to alterations in germination, sex ratio, photoperiodism and uptake of other elements [16].…”
Contamination of the environment with heavy metals such as Cd is a serious problem of modern world. Exposure of plants to Cd leads to oxidative stress, inhibition of respiration and photosynthesis, increased rate of mutation and, as a consequence, stunted growth and yield decrease. One of the common reactions of plants to cadmium stress is over-production of ethylene, however the exact role of this hormone in plants response to Cd is still unrecognized. The aim of the present study is evaluation of the impact of an ethylene synthesis inhibitor, Co, on the response of soybean seedlings to cadmium stress. The experiments included measurements of growth, cell viability, ethylene production and expression of genes associated with cellular signaling in soybean seedlings exposed to CdCl 2 (with Cd in a concentration of 223 μM) and/or CoCl 2 (with Co in concentration of 4.6 μM). Surprisingly, the results show that Co has no effect on ethylene biosynthesis, however, it affects cell viability and expression of Cd-induced genes associated with plant signaling pathways. The affected genes encode mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase2 (MAPKK2), nitrate reductase and DOF1 and bZIP2 transcription factors. The role of Co in plants response to cadmium stress and its potential use as an ethylene inhibitor is discussed.
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