Effects of CO2-induced ocean acidification on physiological and mechanical properties of the starfish Asterias rubens

Collard, Marie; Catarino, Ana I.; Bonnet, Stéphanie; Flammang, Patrick; Dúbois, Philippe

doi:10.1016/j.jembe.2013.06.003

Cited by 28 publications

(28 citation statements)

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“…On the contrary, juvenile starfish as well as adults seem to be either not impacted or even boosted by acidification. This is surprising as all starfish so far studied showed no or very low compensation of coelomic fluid pH under acidification (see Collard et al, 2013a, and references therein). Brittle stars show moderate effects at rather low pH, but reports of increased calcification at reduced pH are inconclusive.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Then, no changes in CF concentrations of these ions should be expected unless the skeleton is continuously dissolved. As discussed by Collard et al (2013a), the Mg concentration increase in the CF would anyway be hard to detect, even if 1% of the skeleton was dissolved. Furthermore, in some studies the CF Mg/Ca ratio increased (Spicer et al, 1988;Calosi et al, 2013) or remained constant (Catarino et al, 2012) when sea urchins were submitted to acidified conditions.…”

Section: Skeleton Etching Dissolution Amorphous Calcium Carbonate mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Test dissolution has also been inferred from increases of magnesium and/or calcium concentrations in the CF (Spicer et al, 1988;Miles et al, 2007), but this has never been correlated with morphological (scanning electron microscopy) investigations. Parallelly, absence of significant changes in concentrations of these ions in the CF during acidification experiments has been interpreted as evidence that the skeleton was not dissolved or that dissolved ions were quickly equilibrated with seawater (Catarino et al, 2012;Calosi et al, 2013;Collard et al, 2013a). These changes in Mg and Ca concentrations are difficult to interpret.…”

Section: Skeleton Etching Dissolution Amorphous Calcium Carbonate mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Skeleton of Postmetamorphic Echinoderms in a Changing World

Dúbois

2014

The Biological Bulletin

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Abstract. Available evidence on the impact of acidification and its interaction with warming on the skeleton of postmetamorphic (juvenile and adult) echinoderms is reviewed. Data are available on sea urchins, starfish, and brittle stars in 33 studies. Skeleton growth of juveniles of all sea urchin species studied so far is affected from pH 7.8 to 7.6 in seawater, values that are expected to be reached during the 21st century. Growth in adult sea urchins (six species studied) is apparently only marginally affected at seawater pH relevant to this century. The interacting effect of temperature differed according to studies. Juvenile starfish as well as adults seem to be either not impacted or even boosted by acidification. Brittle stars show moderate effects at pH below or equal to 7.4. Dissolution of the body wall skeleton is unlikely to be a major threat to sea urchins. Spines, however, due to their exposed position, are more prone to this threat, but their regeneration abilities can probably ensure their maintenance, although this could have an energetic cost and induce changes in resource allocation. No information is available on skeleton dissolution in starfish, and the situation in brittle stars needs further assessment. Very preliminary evidence indicates that mechanical properties in sea urchins could be affected. So, although the impact of ocean acidification on the skeleton of echinoderms has been considered as a major threat from the first studies, we need a better understanding of the induced changes, in particular the functional consequences of growth modifications and dissolution related to mechanical properties. It is suggested to focus studies on these aspects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Skeleton Etching Dissolution Amorphous Calcium Carbonate mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Skeleton Etching Dissolution Amorphous Calcium Carbonate mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Skeleton of Postmetamorphic Echinoderms in a Changing World

Dúbois

2014

The Biological Bulletin

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“…The reported effects of low pH on biomechanics of noncalcified materials include no significant effect on TF mechanical properties in the starfish Asterias rubens , reduced mechanical performance of the byssus in bivalves, decreased clapping force in the scallop Pecten maximus , and lowered spore attachment in intertidal rhodophyta algae (Collard, Catarino, Bonnet, Flammang, & Dubois, ; George & Carrington, ; Guenther, Miklasz, Carrington, & Martone, ; Li, Liu, Zhan, Xie, & Zhang, ; O'Donnell, George, & Carrington, ; Schalkhausser et al, ). Behavioral studies under climate change conditions mainly concentrate on OA effects on fishes (Cripps, Munday, & McCormick, ; Dixson, Munday, & Jones, ; Domenici, Allan, McCormick, & Munday, ; Ferrari et al, ; Hamilton, Holcombe, & Tresguerres, ; Jutfelt, Bresolin de Souza, Vuylsteke, & Sturve, ; Munday et al, ; Nilsson et al, ; Simpson et al, ) and, to a lesser extent, on marine invertebrates focusing on predator–prey relationships (Bibby, Cleall‐Harding, Rundle, Widdicombe, & Spicer, ; Chan, Grünbaum, Arnberg, & Dupont, ; Dodd, Grabowski, Piehler, Westfield, & Ries, ; Manríquez et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocean warming and acidification alter the behavioral response to flow of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus

Cohen‐Rengifo

Agüera

Bouma

et al. 2019

Ecology and Evolution

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Ocean warming (OW) and acidification (OA) are intensively investigated as they pose major threats to marine organism. However, little effort is dedicated to another collateral climate change stressor, the increased frequency, and intensity of storm events, here referred to as intensified hydrodynamics. A 2‐month experiment was performed to identify how OW and OA (temperature: 21°C; pHT: 7.7, 7.4; control: 17°C‐pHT7.9) affect the resistance to hydrodynamics in the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus using an integrative approach that includes physiology, biomechanics, and behavior. Biomechanics was studied under both no‐flow condition at the tube foot (TF) scale and flow condition at the individual scale. For the former, TF disk adhesive properties (attachment strength, tenacity) and TF stem mechanical properties (breaking force, extensibility, tensile strength, stiffness, toughness) were evaluated. For the latter, resistance to flow was addressed as the flow velocity at which individuals detached. Under near‐ and far‐future OW and OA, individuals fully balanced their acid‐base status, but skeletal growth was halved. TF adhesive properties were not affected by treatments. Compared to the control, mechanical properties were in general improved under pHT7.7 while in the extreme treatment (21°C‐pHT7.4) breaking force was diminished. Three behavioral strategies were implemented by sea urchins and acted together to cope with flow: improving TF attachment, streamlining, and escaping. Behavioral responses varied according to treatment and flow velocity. For instance, individuals at 21°C‐pHT7.4 increased the density of attached TF at slow flows or controlled TF detachment at fast flows to compensate for weakened TF mechanical properties. They also showed an absence of streamlining favoring an escaping behavior as they ventured in a riskier faster movement at slow flows. At faster flows, the effects of OW and OA were detrimental causing earlier dislodgment. These plastic behaviors reflect a potential scope for acclimation in the field, where this species already experiences diel temperature and pH fluctuations.

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“…In organisms such as echinoderms, corals and molluscs, reduced pH substantially increases the energetic cost of producing or maintaining calcium carbonate skeletons (Kaniewska et al, 2012), and so lower seawater pH [ocean acidification (OA)] is often accompanied by elevated metabolic rates (Beniash et al, 2010). However, in other organisms, OA has the opposite effect and is accompanied by metabolic depression (Collard et al, 2013a;Melatunan et al, 2011), because of direct effects upon metabolic pathways such as disruption to mitochondrial functioning (Kaniewska et al, 2012), or because it may conserve resources during periodic hypercapnic conditions (Christensen et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urchins in a high CO2 world: partitioned effects of body-size, ocean warming and acidification on metabolic rate

Carey

Harianto

Byrne

2016

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Body size and temperature are the major factors explaining metabolic rate, and the additional factor of pH is a major driver at the biochemical level. These three factors have frequently been found to interact, complicating the formulation of broad models predicting metabolic rates and hence ecological functioning. In this first study of the effects of warming and ocean acidification, and their potential interaction, on metabolic rate across a broad range in body size (two to three orders of magnitude difference in body mass), we addressed the impact of climate change on the sea urchin Heliocidaris erythrogramma in context with climate projections for southeast Australia, an ocean warming hotspot. Urchins were gradually introduced to two temperatures (18 and 23°C) and two pH levels (7.5 and 8.0), at which they were maintained for 2 months. Identical experimental trials separated by several weeks validated the fact that a new physiological steady state had been reached, otherwise known as acclimation. The relationship between body size, temperature and acidification on the metabolic rate of H. erythrogramma was strikingly stable. Both stressors caused increases in metabolic rate: 20% for temperature and 19% for pH. Combined effects were additive: a 44% increase in metabolism. Body size had a highly stable relationship with metabolic rate regardless of temperature or pH. None of these diverse drivers of metabolism interacted or modulated the effects of the others, highlighting the partitioned nature of how each influences metabolic rate, and the importance of achieving a full acclimation state. Despite these increases in energetic demand there was very limited capacity for compensatory modulating of feeding rate; food consumption increased only in the very smallest specimens, and only in response to temperature, and not pH. Our data show that warming, acidification and body size all substantially affect metabolism and are highly consistent and partitioned in their effects, and for H. erythrogramma, near-future climate change will incur a substantial energetic cost.

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Effects of CO2-induced ocean acidification on physiological and mechanical properties of the starfish Asterias rubens

Cited by 28 publications

References 56 publications

The Skeleton of Postmetamorphic Echinoderms in a Changing World

The Skeleton of Postmetamorphic Echinoderms in a Changing World

Ocean warming and acidification alter the behavioral response to flow of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus

Urchins in a high CO2 world: partitioned effects of body-size, ocean warming and acidification on metabolic rate

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