Effects of co-culturing BMSCs and auricular chondrocytes on the elastic modulus and hypertrophy of tissue engineered cartilage

Kang, Ning; Liu, Xia; Guan, Yue; Wang, Jian; Gong, Fuyu; Yang, Xun; Li, Yan; Wang, Qian; Fu, Xin; Cao, Yilin; Xiao, Ran

doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.03.019

Cited by 58 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Co-culture of BMSCs and CCs has previously been shown to suppress markers of BMSC hypertrophy in vitro and in vivo (Acharya et al, 2012;Bian et al, 2011;Dahlin et al, 2014;Fischer et al, 2010;Kang et al, 2012). Remarkably, co-culture also almost completely suppressed mineralisation of the chondral layer in vivo.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Control constructs were also implanted where the chondral layer of the osteochondral construct was engineered using stem cell laden agarose gels instead of the SA approach, as this hydrogel has previously been shown to promote hypoxia mediated chondrogenesis in vivo (Emans et al, 2010). Secondly, based on previous studies that demonstrate that co-culture of CCs and MSCs enhances cartilage matrix synthesis (Acharya et al, 2012;Tsuchiya et al, 2004;Wu et al, 2011) and suppresses markers of MSC hypertrophy (such as type X collagen expression) in vitro (Acharya et al, 2012;Bian et al, 2011;Fischer et al, 2010;Kang et al, 2012), we investigated if a co-culture of CCs and either BMSCs or FPSCs could be used to engineer a layer of phenotypically stable articular cartilage as part of an osteochondral construct in vivo.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tissue engineering scaled-up, anatomically shaped osteochondral constructs for joint resurfacing

Mesallati

Sheehy²,

Vinardell³

et al. 2015

eCM

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Arthroplasty is currently the only surgical procedure available to restore joint function following articular cartilage and bone degeneration associated with diseases such as osteoarthritis (OA). A potential alternative to this procedure would be to tissue-engineer a biological implant and use it to replace the entire diseased joint. The objective of this study was therefore to tissue-engineer a scaled-up, anatomically shaped, osteochondral construct suitable for partial or total resurfacing of a diseased joint. To this end it was first demonstrated that a bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cell seeded alginate hydrogel could support endochondral bone formation in vivo within the osseous component of an osteochondral construct, and furthermore, that a phenotypically stable layer of articular cartilage could be engineered over this bony tissue using a co-culture of chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells. Co-culture was found to enhance the in vitro development of the chondral phase of the engineered graft and to dramatically reduce its mineralisation in vivo. In the final part of the study, tissue-engineered grafts (~ 2 cm diameter) mimicking the geometry of medial femorotibial joint prostheses were generated using laser scanning and rapid prototyped moulds. After 8 weeks in vivo, a layer of cartilage remained on the surface of these scaled-up engineered implants, with evidence of mineralisation and bone development in the underlying osseous region of the graft. These findings open up the possibility of a tissueengineered treatment option for diseases such as OA.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tissue engineering scaled-up, anatomically shaped osteochondral constructs for joint resurfacing

Mesallati

Sheehy²,

Vinardell³

et al. 2015

eCM

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…More importantly, Fischer et al [2010] found that parathyroid hormone-related protein secreted by ACs could inhibit the hypertrophy induced by BMSCs in coculture. In the literature, using different types of chondrocytes and biomaterials, several BMSC/chondrocyte mixing ratios [Yang et al, 2009;Fischer et al, 2010;Kang et al, 2012] have been tested for cartilage construction. However, there were no systematically comparative studies to determine an effective cell ratio for efficient construction of engineered cartilage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was demonstrated that in coculture systems chondrocytes promoted the chondrogenesis of BMSCs and suppressed hypertrophy [Fischer et al, 2010], while BMSCs improved the chondrogenic and proliferative potential of engineered cartilage [Kang et al, 2012]. In addition, using the coculture approach, the consumption of chondrocytes was reduced and it was possible to harvest small cartilage biopsies to repair large defects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Different Ratios of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Chondrocytes Used in Tissue-Engineered Cartilage and Its Application for Human Ear-Shaped Substitutes in vitro

Kang¹,

Liu²,

Li³

et al. 2013

Cells Tissues Organs

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The application of chondrocyte-based cartilage tissue engineering is limited because of the lack of autologous cartilage sources and chondrocyte dedifferentiation after in vitro expansion. Coculture of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and chondrocytes has been a promising strategy for cartilage engineering as chondrocytes can provide a chondrogenic environment for BMSCs. However, there are no systematic comparison studies for engineered cartilage constructed using different mixing ratios of BMSCs and chondrocytes, and the most effective mixing ratio with the lowest number of chondrocytes is unknown. Here, we set a gradient of mixing ratios of BMSCs to chondrocytes for an in vitro coculture system and compared the shape retention and quality of the engineered cartilage using macroscopic and histological assays, glycosaminoglycan content assessment and immunohistochemical staining of type II collagen, biomechanical evaluation and hypertrophy-related gene expression analysis. The results showed that at least 30% chondrocytes were required to generate cartilage tissue with satisfactory shape and quality. Therefore, we preliminarily assessed the feasibility of engineering a human ear-shaped substitute using a coculture system with a 7:3 ratio of BMSCs to chondrocytes. After 8 weeks of in vitro culture, the precise architecture of the human ear-shaped construct was well maintained with the typical cartilaginous composition confirmed by histological assays.

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“…26 The recent coculture strategy, combining the chondrogenic niche of chondrocytes with the proliferative potential of BMSCs, could enhance BMSC chondrogenesis and prevent hypertrophy, resulting in stable cartilage formation. 27,28 In the coculture system, paracrine-soluble chondrogenic factors, including transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), insulinlike growth factor 1 (IGF-1), bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), and parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) released by chondrocytes, provided potent chondroinductive signals and improved chondrogenesis, and suppressed the hypertrophic development of BMSCs. 29,30 These findings indicate that the coculture of BMSCs and chondrocytes is economical, easy, and promising for the generation of stable tissue-engineered cartilage.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrospun gelatin/polycaprolactone nanofibrous membranes combined with a coculture of bone marrow stromal cells and chondrocytes for cartilage engineering

Feng

Huang

et al. 2015

IJN

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Electrospinning has recently received considerable attention, showing notable potential as a novel method of scaffold fabrication for cartilage engineering. The aim of this study was to use a coculture strategy of chondrocytes combined with electrospun gelatin/polycaprolactone (GT/PCL) membranes, instead of pure chondrocytes, to evaluate the formation of cartilaginous tissue. We prepared the GT/PCL membranes, seeded bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC)/chondrocyte cocultures (75% BMSCs and 25% chondrocytes) in a sandwich model in vitro, and then implanted the constructs subcutaneously into nude mice for 12 weeks. Gross observation, histological and immunohistological evaluation, glycosaminoglycan analyses, Young’s modulus measurement, and immunofluorescence staining were performed postimplantation. We found that the coculture group formed mature cartilage-like tissue, with no statistically significant difference from the chondrocyte group, and labeled BMSCs could differentiate into chondrocyte-like cells under the chondrogenic niche of chondrocytes. This entire strategy indicates that GT/PCL membranes are also a suitable scaffold for stem cell-based cartilage engineering and may provide a potentially clinically feasible approach for cartilage repairs.

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Effects of co-culturing BMSCs and auricular chondrocytes on the elastic modulus and hypertrophy of tissue engineered cartilage

Cited by 58 publications

References 25 publications

Tissue engineering scaled-up, anatomically shaped osteochondral constructs for joint resurfacing

Tissue engineering scaled-up, anatomically shaped osteochondral constructs for joint resurfacing

Different Ratios of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Chondrocytes Used in Tissue-Engineered Cartilage and Its Application for Human Ear-Shaped Substitutes in vitro

Electrospun gelatin/polycaprolactone nanofibrous membranes combined with a coculture of bone marrow stromal cells and chondrocytes for cartilage engineering

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