Effects of Climate on Chemical Weathering in Watersheds Underlain by Grantoid Rocks

White, Art F.

doi:10.1180/minmag.1994.58a.2.238

Cited by 266 publications

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“…The strong dependency of silicate weathering rates on temperature and precipitation in watersheds has been well documented in many experimental and field-based investigations of weathering (e.g. White and Blum, 1995;White et al, 1999;Dessert et al, 2003). As will be discussed below (Section 4.4), some of the observed Si isotopic variability in river sediments can be ascribed to lithological effects, in particular for those samples derived from watersheds draining particular geological settings.…”

Section: Global Relationships Between River D 30 Si Clay and Climatementioning

confidence: 87%

The silicon isotopic composition of fine-grained river sediments and its relation to climate and lithology

Bayon

Delvigne

Ponzevera

et al. 2018

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

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The d 30 Si stable isotopic composition of silicon in soils and fine-grained sediments can provide insights into weathering processes on continents, with important implications on the Si budget of modern and past oceans. To further constrain the factors controlling the distribution of Si isotopes in sediments, we have analysed a large number (n = 50) of separate size-fractions of sediments and suspended particulate materials collected near the mouth of rivers worldwide. This includes some of the world's largest rivers (e.g. Amazon, Congo, Mackenzie, Mississippi, Murray-Darling, Nile, Yangtze) and rivers from the case study areas of the Congo River Basin and Northern Ireland. Silt-size fractions exhibit a mean Si isotopic composition (d 30 Si = À0.21 ± 0.19‰; 2 s.d.) similar to that previously inferred for the upper continental crust. In contrast, clay-size fractions display a much larger range of d 30 Si values from À0.11‰ to À2.16‰, which yield a global d 30 Si clay of À0.57 ± 0.60‰ (2 s.d.) representative of the mean composition of the average weathered continental crust. Overall, these new data show that the Si isotopic signature transported by river clays is controlled by the degree of chemical weathering, as inferred from strong relationships with Al/Si ratios. At a global scale, the clay-bound Si isotopic composition of the world's largest river systems demonstrates a link with climate, defining a general correlation with mean annual temperature (MAT) in corresponding drainage basins. While the distribution of Si isotopes in river sediments also appears to be influenced by the tectonic setting, lithological effects and sediment recycling from former sedimentary cycles, our results pave the way for their use as paleo-weathering and paleo-climate proxies in the sedimentary record.

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Section: Global Relationships Between River D 30 Si Clay and Climatementioning

confidence: 87%

The silicon isotopic composition of fine-grained river sediments and its relation to climate and lithology

Bayon

Delvigne

Ponzevera

et al. 2018

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

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“…*K) among the ponds within Lirung debris areas appeared lower than the calculated ratios from Langtang-Narayani river system in central Nepal Himalayas (unpublished data) and much lower than the calculated ratios from different positions of the Rio Icacos (which drains a tropical rain forest) that has the fastest documented weathering rates of any silicate terrain in the world (McDowell and Asbury 1994;White and Blum 1995;Bhatt and McDowell 2007). The wide variation in Si/ (*Na ?…”

Section: Hypothesis 3: Weathering Extent and Controlling Parametersmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…High concentration of silicon at the central pond is linked directly with high temperature and high-flow conditions, and the abundant availability of fresh reactive mineral surfaces. Some earlier studies have documented the role of temperature and runoff on the dissolution of silicate minerals (Amiotte Suchet and Probst 1993;McDowell and Asbury 1994;Dorn and Brady 1995;White and Blum 1995;Ludwig et al 1998;Gaillardet et al 1999;France-Lanord et al 2003;Krishnaswami and Singh 2005;Wolff-Boenisch et al 2009). The lower concentration of silicon was observed in the ponds that were covered with ice cliffs and rocks, whereas the higher concentration was observed in the ponds that are covered with moraine walls and those conducting the main water flow.…”

Section: Hypothesis 1: Elevation Trends Of Measured Chemical Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Debris may have played a great role in the release of solute from this catchment. Uplift and erosion, tectonic recycling of sediment, drives high denudation rate in many active mountain belts (Stallard 2000;Stallard and Edmond 1983;Gaillardet et al 1999;West et al 2005;Bhatt and McDowell 2007;Gabet 2007) together with climatic conditions of that basin (McDowell and Asbury 1994;White and Blum 1995;Hartmann 2009;Bookhagen 2010;Gabet et al 2010;Hirschmiller et al 2014). Air temperature and precipitation control glacier melting and hydrolysis conditions of glaciered basins, thus modulating dissolution rates of the minerals of such basins according to the seasons (Bhatt et al 2000.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemistry of Supraglacial Ponds in the Debris-Covered Area of Lirung Glacier in Central Nepal Himalayas

2015

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Glacial meltwater samples were collected from 15 supraglacial ponds at elevations ranging between 3989 and 4292 m above sea level in the debris-covered area of Lirung glacier in central Nepal Himalayas, from November 2010 to October 2011 on a bimonthly basis. We examined elevation trends, and their control by seasonality, dominant geochemical processes, and seasonal dynamics in these supraglacial ponds. Concentration of some parameters showed a decreasing trend with elevation but with high variability and modulation by seasons, being more prevalent in the post-monsoon. Sulfate is the only parameter showing significant elevation trends regardless of the season, although the trend is also affected by the monsoon. The concentrations of major chemical solutes were highest during post-monsoon season and lower in the pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons, indicating influence of seasonality on dissolution, dilution, and hydrological processes. Contribution to chemical loads from marine aerosols to these pond water appeared to be minor except for sodium and magnesium. Chemical weathering of carbonate and silicate minerals fueled by dissolution of pyrite appeared as the dominant geochemical processes.

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“…Chemical weathering is controlled by multiple factors such as climate (temperature, runoff) (White and Blum, 1995;Liu et al, 2012), lithology, tectonics (Goudie and Viles, 2012), vegetation and human activities (Roy et al, 1999;Li et al, 2009;Xu et al, 2011), etc. However, the controlling mechanisms that these factors have on chemical weathering are still uncertain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical weathering under mid- to cool temperate and monsoon-controlled climate: A study on water geochemistry of the Songhuajiang River system, northeast China

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2013

Applied Geochemistry

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Effects of Climate on Chemical Weathering in Watersheds Underlain by Grantoid Rocks

Cited by 266 publications

References 0 publications

The silicon isotopic composition of fine-grained river sediments and its relation to climate and lithology

The silicon isotopic composition of fine-grained river sediments and its relation to climate and lithology

Chemistry of Supraglacial Ponds in the Debris-Covered Area of Lirung Glacier in Central Nepal Himalayas

Chemical weathering under mid- to cool temperate and monsoon-controlled climate: A study on water geochemistry of the Songhuajiang River system, northeast China

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