Effects of climate change on parasites and disease in estuarine and nearshore environments

Abstract

Information on parasites and disease in marine ecosystems lags behind terrestrial systems, increasing the challenge of predicting responses of marine host–parasite systems to climate change. However, here I examine several generalizable aspects and research priorities. First, I advocate that quantification and comparison of host and parasite thermal performance curves is a smart approach to improve predictions of temperature effects on disease. Marine invertebrate species are ectothermic and should be highly conducive to this approach given their generally short generation times. Second, in marine systems, shallow subtidal and intertidal areas will experience the biggest temperature swings and thus likely see the most changes to host–parasite dynamics. Third, for some responses like parasite intensity, as long as the lethal limit of the parasite is not crossed, on average, there may be a biological basis to expect temperature-dependent intensification of impacts on hosts. Fourth, because secondary mortality effects and indirect effects of parasites can be very important, we need to study temperature effects on host–parasite dynamics in a community context to truly know their bottom line effects. This includes examining climate-influenced effects of parasites on ecosystem engineers given their pivotal role in communities. Finally, other global change factors, especially hypoxia, salinity, and ocean acidity, covary with temperature change and need to be considered and evaluated when possible for their contributing effects on host–parasite systems. Climate change–disease interactions in nearshore marine environments are complex; however, generalities are possible and continued research, especially in the areas outlined here, will improve our understanding.

Bacterias Y Parásitos Patógenos Humanos Aislados De Aguas Estancadas Durante El Fenómeno El Niño-Costero en Perú

“…From these changes, economic opportunities arise but also natural phenomena that bring with them changes in the parasite-host relationship. These changes have been accentuated on the coast at the marine, protozoic and bacterial level (Bradley et al, 2005;Byers et al, 2020). The findings found in this study are consistent with previous studies that place human pathogens as emergent related to climate change phenomena (Ryan et al, 2019;El-Sayed & Kamel, 2020).…”

Abundance data applied to a novel model invertebrate host shed new light on parasite community assembly in nature

“…In addition, invertebrates frequently harbour more macroparasites than their vertebrate counterparts (Wilson et al., 2015), providing diverse communities to study. Finally, our understanding of parasite and disease ecology in invertebrates, and particularly aquatic invertebrates, lags behind terrestrial systems (Byers, 2020), despite being a significant conservation threat (e.g. Katsanevakis et al., 2019).…”

Histopathological Biomarkers as Indicators of the Environmental Quality of Two Estuaries in Northeastern Brazil

“…These reaction patterns were similarly observed in all sh species of our study, associated with the presence of parasites. Highly anthropized environments directly affect the immunity of sh that inhabiting this ecosystem, making them more susceptible to parasite infestations (de Melo Souza et al 2019;Falkenberg et al 2019;Byers 2020).…”