Effects of climate and density-dependent factors on population dynamics of the pine processionary moth in the Southern Alps

Tamburini, Giovanni; Marini, Lorenzo; Hellrigl, K.; Salvadori, C.; Battisti, Andrea

doi:10.1007/s10584-013-0966-2

Cited by 47 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Similar dendrochronological evidence suggests that western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis, outbreaks increased after 1890 in northwestern USA when fire disturbance decreased and that outbreaks generally began near the end of warm, dry periods [86]. In Europe, populations of T. pityocampa respond positively to higher than average summer temperature and spring rainfall, although the mechanisms are unclear and patterns vary depending on local environmental conditions [92]. [107].…”

Section: Defoliatorsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Forest Insects and Climate Change

Roques²,

2018

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Purpose of Review Climate change affects populations of forest insect pests in a number of ways. We reviewed the most recent literature (2013-2017) on this subject including previous reviews on the topic. We provide a comprehensive discussion of the subject, with special attention to insect range expansion, insect abundance, impacts on forest ecosystems, and effects on forest insect communities. We considered forest insects according to their major guilds and biomes. Recent Findings Effects of climate change on forest insects are demonstrated for a number of species and guilds, although generalizations of results available so far are difficult because of species-specific responses to climate change. In addition, disentangling direct and indirect effects of climate change is complex due to the large number of variables affected. Modeling based on climate projections is useful when combined with mechanistic explanations. Summary Expansion of either the true range or the outbreak range is observed in several model species/groups of major insect guilds in boreal and temperate biomes. Mechanistic explanations are provided for a few species and are mainly based on increase in winter temperatures. In relation to insect abundance, climate change can either promote outbreaks or disrupt trophic interactions and decrease the severity of outbreaks. There is good evidence that some recent outbreaks of bark beetles and defoliating insects are influenced by climate change and are having a large impact on ecosystems as well as on communities of forest insects.

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Section: Defoliatorsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Forest Insects and Climate Change

Roques²,

2018

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“…The life cycle is characterized by a short-lived moth which typically lives one night and emerges in summer (June-August), larval feeding during fall and winter, and pupation in the soil followed by a short or prolonged (up to 7 years) diapauses [1,9,30]. The female moth produces pheromones in the summer to attract the male moth.…”

Section: Ppm Life Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Pine Processionary Moth Defoliation Using Unmanned Aerial Systems

Cardíl

Vepakomma

Brotons

2017

Forests

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Pine processionary moth (PPM) is one of the most destructive insect defoliators in the Mediterranean for many conifers, causing losses of growth, vitality and eventually the death of trees during outbreaks. There is a growing need for cost-effective monitoring of the temporal and spatial impacts of PPM in forest ecology to better assess outbreak spread patterns and provide guidance on the development of measures targeting the negative impacts of the species on forests, industry and human health. Remote sensing technology mounted on unmanned aerial systems (UASs) with high-resolution image processing has been proposed to assess insect outbreak impacts at local and forest stand levels. Here, we used UAS-acquired RGB imagery in two pine sites to quantify defoliation at the tree-level and to verify the accuracy of the estimates. Our results allowed the identification of healthy, infested and completely defoliated trees and suggested that pine defoliation estimates using UASs are robust and allow high-accuracy (79%) field-based infestation indexes to be derived that are comparable to those used by forest technicians. When compared to current field-based methods, our approach provides PPM impact assessments with an efficient data acquisition method in terms of time and staff, allowing the quantitative estimation of defoliation at tree-level scale. Furthermore, our method could be expanded to a number of situations and scaled up in combination with satellite remote sensing imagery or citizen science approaches.

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“…Drops in ambient temperature resulted in a crash of estimated caterpillar biomass (see also Dennis and Sparks, 2007;Tamburini et al, 2013). Indeed, if temperature decreases, the feeding activity is reduced, developmental growth is retarded and starvation leads to high mortality, resulting in low caterpillar abundance (Ayres, 1993;Battisti et al, 2005;Topp and Kirsten, 1991).…”

Section: Caterpillar Abundance and Timingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High humidity seems to increase the risk of infections and diseases for caterpillars (Dennis and Sparks, 2007;Tamburini et al, 2013). Moreover, sudden and heavy rainfall can even wash caterpillars off leaves (Dennis and Sparks, 2007) or reduce caterpillar movement (Tamburini et al, 2013). However, frass production is also dependent on feeding activity, since caterpillars seem to avoid feeding on wet food plants (Tinbergen, 1960p.…”

Section: Caterpillar Abundance and Timingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover at high altitudes e.g., mortality of caterpillars increases due to colder environments, thus caterpillar abundance is lower (Battisti et al, 2005). Besides temperature, precipitation may affect caterpillar abundance (Tamburini et al, 2013), but the joint effect of rainfall and temperature on caterpillar biomass in forests has been largely neglected in current research (but see Battisti et al (2005) and Pimentel et al (2011)). In addition, caterpillars in deciduous forests have to synchronize their hatching to the early development of young leaves (Battisti, 2010;Van Asch and Visser, 2007), because leaves gain toughness and tannin content during season, both inhibiting the growth of caterpillars (Feeny, 1970).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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