1995
DOI: 10.1177/027112149501500201
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Effects of Classroom Social Structure and Disability on Engagement

Abstract: Children with disabilities have been found to be engaged for less time and at lower levels than children without disabilities. The purpose of this study was to examine further the effects of disability as well as age grouping and adult involvement on engagement, with developmental age serving as a covariate. Thirty-two children without disabilities and 16 children with disabilities were observed in four free-play sessions and four sessions with adult involvement. All observations occurred during regularly sche… Show more

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Cited by 122 publications
(111 citation statements)
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References 26 publications
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“…Child characteristics associated with individual engagement outcomes include developmental and chronological age (Aguiar, Cruz, Barros, & Bairrão, 2005;de Kruif & McWilliam, 1999), disability status (McWilliam & Bailey, 1992, and temperament or individual style (de Kruif, McWilliam, & Ridley, 2001). Classroom characteristics associated with children's observed engagement include both structure and process variables such as adult-child ratio (Dunst, McWilliam, & Holbert, 1986;Raspa et al, 2001), teacher assignments in the classroom (Casey & McWilliam, 2005), classroom structure (McWilliam & Bailey, 1995), teachers' behaviors (de Kruif et al, 2001;McWilliam, Scarborough, & Kim, 2003;Pinto, 2006;Raspa et al, 2001), and overall classroom quality (e.g., Raspa et al, 2001). The existing literature on the variables associated with child engagement does not address dynamic mesosystem relations between the quality of children's experiences in one particular setting and children's engagement outcomes in other settings (e.g., Aviezer, Sagi-Schwartz, & Koren-Karie, 2003).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Child characteristics associated with individual engagement outcomes include developmental and chronological age (Aguiar, Cruz, Barros, & Bairrão, 2005;de Kruif & McWilliam, 1999), disability status (McWilliam & Bailey, 1992, and temperament or individual style (de Kruif, McWilliam, & Ridley, 2001). Classroom characteristics associated with children's observed engagement include both structure and process variables such as adult-child ratio (Dunst, McWilliam, & Holbert, 1986;Raspa et al, 2001), teacher assignments in the classroom (Casey & McWilliam, 2005), classroom structure (McWilliam & Bailey, 1995), teachers' behaviors (de Kruif et al, 2001;McWilliam, Scarborough, & Kim, 2003;Pinto, 2006;Raspa et al, 2001), and overall classroom quality (e.g., Raspa et al, 2001). The existing literature on the variables associated with child engagement does not address dynamic mesosystem relations between the quality of children's experiences in one particular setting and children's engagement outcomes in other settings (e.g., Aviezer, Sagi-Schwartz, & Koren-Karie, 2003).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…No mesmo sentido, as crianças que apresentavam valores inferiores naquelas medidas de características desenvolvimentais e adaptativas passavam mais tempo não envolvidas. Estes resultados eram esperados e são comparáveis com os de outros estudos que demonstraram que o nível de sofisticação do envolvimento das crianças aumenta à medida que a idade cronológica e a idade desenvolvimental aumentam (de Kruif & McWilliam, 1999;McWilliam & Bailey, 1995) e de estudos que encontraram relações positivas entre a complexidade das interacções das crianças com objectos e pares e a sua competência cognitiva e social (Howes & Stewart, 1987).…”
Section: Discussão Dos Resultadosunclassified
“…Num estudo recente, Raspa e McWilliam (2000), referidos por de Kruif et al (2001), constataram que o envolvimento das crianças em comportamentos sofisticados (persistentes, simbólicos, codificados e construtivos) constituía um prognóstico do seu nível de desenvolvimento global. Outros estudos têm encontrado relações positivas entre a complexidade das interacções das crianças com objectos e pares e a sua competência cognitiva e social (Howes & Stewart, 1987 (Blasco et al, 1993;Malmskog & McDonnell, 1999) e passavam mais tempo passivamente não envolvidas com os seus pares (McWilliam & Bailey, 1995).…”
Section: Características Da Criança E Envolvimentounclassified
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“…Diversos estudos constataram que o nível de sofisticação do envolvimento das crianças e a frequência das suas interacções com pares aumentam à medida que a idade cronológica e a idade desenvolvimental também aumentam (de Kruif & McWilliam, 1999;McWilliam & Bailey, 1995). A sofisticação do envolvimento das crianças tem sido referida como constituindo um factor prognosticador da sua competência.…”
Section: Características Da Criança E Envolvimentounclassified