Effects of cigarette smoking on carotid and radial artery distensibility

Failla, Monica; Grappiolo, Alessandra; Carugo, Stefano; Calchera, Ivan; Giannattasio, Cristina; Mancia, Giuseppe

doi:10.1097/00004872-199715120-00069

Cited by 117 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The role of these two cardiovascular risk factors on arterial stiffness is controversial; most studies have shown the absence of major effect of these two factors on arterial stiffness. 16,25,[26][27][28] Therefore, whereas dyslipidaemia and tobacco have a major role in the atheromatosis process, their contribution to the development of arterial stiffness is not established.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13,25 The influence of tobacco smoking and cholesterol level in PWV and arterial stiffness is still controversial. [26][27][28] The determinants of arterial stiffness were mainly assessed in studies which included young and middle-aged populations. 14,18,19 The determinants of PWV in the elderly have been assessed in a limited number of studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determinants of arterial stiffness in an apparently healthy population over 60 years

et al. 2006

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Arterial stiffness assessed by the pulse wave velocity (PWV), a non-invasive and reproducible method, predicts cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The main determinants of arterial stiffness are well established in younger and middle-aged populations, but much less in the elderly. The aim of this study was to describe the determinants of arterial stiffness in elderly apparently healthy subjects. The study included 221 voluntary subjects born before 1944 (mean age 67.475.0 years), who had a standard health check-up at the 'Centre de Mé decine Pré ventive' of Nancy. Arterial stiffness was evaluated by measuring the carotid-femoral PWV with the PulsePen automatic device. Clinical and biological parameters were evaluated at the same day. Measurements were valid and analysed in 207 subjects (94 women). Mean PWV was 9.3972.64 m/s. Men showed higher PWV values than women (9.9972.56 vs 8.6672.56, Po0.001). In univariate analysis, PWV was correlated with age (r ¼ 0.26, Po0.001) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) (r ¼ 0.40, Po0.001), and these relationships were similar in men and women. Subjects with hypertension (Po0.001), diabetes mellitus (Po0.001) and obesity (Po0.01) had higher values of PWV. In multiple regression analysis, PWV correlated positively and independently with age, male gender, MAP and diabetes mellitus. In conclusion, in an apparently healthy elderly population, the main determinants of arterial stiffness are the age, MAP, diabetes and gender. Our study also shows that the gender-related differences in arterial stiffness observed in middle-aged subjects are maintained in the elderly.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of arterial stiffness in an apparently healthy population over 60 years

et al. 2006

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“…[29][30][31][32][33][34] Swampillai et al 35 reported a significant smoking-induced increase in stiffness index (SI) 15 min after smoking (Po0.05), but did not observe changes in wave speed in the carotid artery.…”

Section: Acute Smokingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of smoking on arterial stiffness

et al. 2010

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A systematic literature review was conducted using PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library to determine the effect of acute, chronic and passive smoking on arterial stiffness and to determine whether these effects are reversible after smoking cessation. A total of 39 relevant studies were identified and included. Acute smoking was found to cause an acute increase in arterial stiffness. Similarly, passive smoking increased arterial stiffness acutely and chronically. The majority of studies identified chronic smoking as a risk factor for increasing arterial stiffness. However, some studies found no statistical difference in arterial stiffness between nonsmokers and long-term smokers, although chronic smoking seems to sensitize the arterial response to acute smoking. In addition, whether arterial stiffness is reversed after smoking cessation and the timeline in which this may occur could not be determined from the identified literature. The effect of smoking discontinuation on arterial stiffness remains to be established by prospective smoking cessation trials.

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“…Alteration of the dynamic vessel wall properties has also been considered as an important mechanism since some investigators have demonstrated acute changes of such functional variables as arterial stiffness immediately after smoking. [7][8][9][10][11][12] However, the chronic effects of smoking are uncertain. 7)8)13) Wollersheim et al 13) reported increased arterial stiffness of the popliteal artery and a tendency toward stiffening of the femoral and common carotid arteries in healthy habitual smokers.…”

Section: )2)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to several other responsible mechanisms, alteration of the dynamic arterial wall properties is considered to play an important role for smoking related vascular damage. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13] Increased arterial stiffness has been recognized as important marker for the increased risk of cardiovascular disease and it is an independent predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular death. 14)15) The acute increase in arterial stiffness, blood pressure and heart rate after smoking may enhance the load on the arterial walls and the left ventricular wall, and this can induce alteration in the distribution of the circumferential stress and tensile stress.…”

Section: )22)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute and Chronic Effects of Smoking on the Arterial Wall Properties and the Hemodynamics in Smokers with Hypertension

Rhee

2005

Korean Circ J

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Background and Objectives：Smoking increases cardiovascular risk and it is known to acutely increase arterial stiffness in healthy smokers. We investigated the acute and chronic effects of smoking on the arterial mechanics in smokers with hypertension. Subjects and Methods：To evaluate the acute effects of smoking, the heart rate (HR), brachial blood pressure (BP), ankle systolic BP, heart-carotid pulse wave velocity (hcPWV), heartfemoral PWV (hfPWV), femoral-ankle PWV (faPWV), heart-brachial PWV (hbPWV), and the ankle-brachial index (ABI) were measured in male hypertensive smokers (n=22, 42±2 years, mean±SEM) and in normotensive smokers (n=30, 39±1 years) before and 5, 10 and 15 minutes after smoking 1 cigarette (nicotine content: 0.9 mg). To evaluate the chronic effects of smoking, we compared the HR, brachial BP, PWVs, ABI and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) between the normotensive smokers and nonsmokers (n=32, 37±1 years), and also between the hypertensive smokers and nonsmokers (n=21, 48±2 years). Results：Smoking induced significant acute increases of the HR, brachial BP and hfPWV in the normotensive and hypertensive smokers (p<0.05), and smoking also induced significant acute increases in the faPWV and ankle systolic BP in the hypertensive smokers (p<0.05). The ABI, hcPWV and hbPWV in both groups, and the faPWV of the normotensives were not changed after smoking 1 cigarette (p>0.05). The magnitude of the increase in the HR, brachial BP and hfPWV after smoking were not different between the hypertensive and normotensive smokers. There was no significant differences (p>0.05) between the chronic normotensive smokers and the nonsmokers, and also between the hypertensive smokers and the non-smokers. Conclusion：Smoking acutely increased the HR, brachial BP and aortic stiffness in hypertensive smokers and normotensive smokers, and it had a more significant impact on the femoral arterial stiffness in the hypertensive smokers than in the normotensive smokers. However there were no significant chronic effects of smoking on the hemodynamics, arterial stiffness and carotid IMT. Our findings suggest that the acute increase in aortic and femoral arterial stiffness after smoking may contribute to the increased incidence of adverse cardiovascular events in smokers with hypertension.

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Effects of cigarette smoking on carotid and radial artery distensibility

Cited by 117 publications

References 31 publications

Determinants of arterial stiffness in an apparently healthy population over 60 years

Determinants of arterial stiffness in an apparently healthy population over 60 years

The effect of smoking on arterial stiffness

Acute and Chronic Effects of Smoking on the Arterial Wall Properties and the Hemodynamics in Smokers with Hypertension

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