Effects of cigarette smoking on the growth of Streptococcus mutans biofilms: An in vitro study

Han, Ye

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0259895

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 34 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The fact that all treatment groups in the current study had the same amount of sucrose strongly suggests that some salivary component may inhibit EPS synthesis. Although a relation between saliva and IEPS production has been scarcely described, evidence suggests that the quality and composition of saliva can module the virulence and IEPS expression on the biofilms [47]. Indeed, it has been described that the lactoperoxidase system present in saliva inhibits the glycosyltransferases of S. mutans in vitro [48], which are the S. mutans enzymes responsible for synthesizing IEPS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saliva Decreases Sucrose-induced Cariogenicity in an Experimental Biological Caries Model

Giacaman¹,

Umaña²,

Núñez³

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective. Whether a minimum quantity of saliva is needed to inhibit the caries process is unclear. Here, we evaluated the effect of saliva dilutions on an in vitro caries model with Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) biofilms. Methods. S. mutans biofilms were grown on enamel and root dentin slabs, in culture media containing different proportions of saliva (v/v): 0%, 5%, 10%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% saliva, and exposed to a 10% sucrose solution (5 min, 3x/day), with appropriate controls. After 5 (enamel) and 4 (dentin) days, demineralization, biomass, viable bacteria and polysaccharide formation were analyzed. The acidogenicity of the spent media was monitored overtime. Assays were carried out in triplicate in 2 independent experiments (n=6). Results. An inverse relationship was observed between acidogenicity, demineralization, and saliva proportion, both in enamel and dentin. A marked reduction in enamel and dentin demineralization was observed when small amounts of saliva were incorporated in the medium. For both tissues, a significant reduction in biomass, viable S. mutans cells and polysaccharides were observed when saliva was present, in a concentration-dependent manner. Conclusions. High quantities of saliva can almost completely inhibit sucrose-induced cariogenicity, but small amounts can also exert a dose-dependent caries-protective effect.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saliva Decreases Sucrose-induced Cariogenicity in an Experimental Biological Caries Model

Giacaman¹,

Umaña²,

Núñez³

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The fact that all treatment groups in the current study had the same amount of sucrose strongly suggests that some salivary component may inhibit EPS synthesis. Although a relation between saliva and IEPS production has been scarcely described, evidence suggests that the quality and composition of saliva can module the virulence and IEPS expression on the biofilms [ 39 ]. Indeed, it has been described that the lactoperoxidase system present in saliva inhibits the glycosyltransferases of S. mutans in vitro [ 40 ], which are the S. mutans enzymes responsible for synthesizing IEPS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saliva Decreases Sucrose-Induced Cariogenicity in an Experimental Biological Caries Model

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective. Whether a minimum quantity of saliva inhibit the caries process remains uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the impact of saliva dilutions on an in vitro caries model using Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) biofilms. Methods. S. mutans biofilms were cultivated on enamel and root dentin slabs, in culture media containing different proportions of saliva (v/v): 0%, 5%, 10%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% saliva, and exposed to a 10% sucrose solution (5 min, 3x/day), with appropriate controls. After 5 (enamel) and 4 (dentin) days, demineralization, biomass, viable bacteria, and polysaccharide formation were analyzed. The acidogenicity of the spent media was monitored overtime. Each assay was performed in triplicate across two independent experiments (n = 6). Results. In both enamel and dentin, an inverse relationship was observed between acidogenicity, demineralization, and the proportion of saliva. Even small quantities of saliva incorporated into the media led to a noticeable reduction in enamel and dentin demineralization. Saliva presence resulted in significant reductions in biomass, viable S. mutans cells, and polysaccharides, with the effects being concentration-dependent for both tissues. Conclusions. High quantities of saliva can almost completely inhibit sucrose-induced cariogenicity, while even small amounts exhibit a dose-dependent caries-protective effect.

show abstract

“…Nicotine has also been observed to play a role in the CS/EV-mediated augmentation of biofilms: (i) S. pneumoniae TIGR4 biofilm was significantly augmented by exposure to EVE NIC+ but not by EVE NIC− [18]; (ii) exposure to 2 mg/mL nicotine augmented biofilm formation by S. pneumoniae TIGR4 [18] and MRSA USA300 [10]; and (iii) exposing S. mutans seeded on porous collagen scaffold and human teeth to CS or EV NIC+ induced biofilms at 24 h post-exposure, while EV NIC− augmented S. mutans biofilms at 72 h post-exposure [22]. However, in a notable exception it was reported that exposing pre-formed S. mutans biofilms on human saliva-coated hydroxyapatite discs to CS in an exposure chamber reduced biofilm biomass by suppressing production of extracellular polysaccharides forming biofilm matrix although CS treatment did not induce bacterial death [21].…”

Section: The Effects Of Cs and Ev Exposure On Bacterial Biofilm Forma...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review of the Literature Examining the Effects of Cigarette Smoke and e-Cigarette Vapor on the Virulence of Human Pathogenic Bacteria

Bagale

2022

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The bioactive chemicals in cigarette smoke (CS) and e-cigarette vapor (EV) may affect pathogenic bacteria in the nasopharyngeal microflora, which may have implications on the pathophysiology of respiratory infections in cigarette smokers and e-cigarette users. In this systematic review, we seek to synthesize the research evidence supporting this hypothesis. To address the central research question, “what is known from the published, peer-reviewed literature about the effects of cigarette smoke or e-cigarette vapor exposure on the physiology of human pathogenic bacteria?”, we screened the PubMed®, Web of ScienceTM, and ScienceDirect databases for reports examining the virulence characteristics and gene expression in human pathogenic bacteria exposed to either CS or EV. The principal conclusion from our analysis is that exposure to either CS or EV induces the virulence of respiratory pathogenic bacteria in a strain-dependent manner, which may in turn facilitate respiratory infections in cigarette smokers and e-cigarette users. In addition, we present evidence that nicotine and reactive oxygen species are the main chemicals responsible for CS/EV-mediated alterations in bacterial physiology. We note limitations that this review does not examine reports describing the alterations in host respiratory physiology or nasopharyngeal dysbiosis caused by CS/EV exposure. Future research to determine whether CS/EV-mediated augmentation of bacterial virulence indeed plays a role in human respiratory tract infections is warranted.

show abstract

Effects of cigarette smoking on the growth of Streptococcus mutans biofilms: An in vitro study

Cited by 4 publications

References 34 publications

Saliva Decreases Sucrose-induced Cariogenicity in an Experimental Biological Caries Model

Saliva Decreases Sucrose-induced Cariogenicity in an Experimental Biological Caries Model

Saliva Decreases Sucrose-Induced Cariogenicity in an Experimental Biological Caries Model

A Systematic Review of the Literature Examining the Effects of Cigarette Smoke and e-Cigarette Vapor on the Virulence of Human Pathogenic Bacteria

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About