Effects of Cigarette Smoke Components on Bronchial Clearance in the Donkey

Effects of sulfate aerosols in combination with ozone on elimination of tracer particles inhaled by rats

“…Cigarette smoke, a toxic mixture and frequent coinsult in human inhalation exposure situations, has been relatively well studied. Albert et al (1969Albert et al ( , 1970Albert et al ( , 1974 found effects in humans and donkeys that depend on dose level and duration of exposure. Low single doses or a few repeated exposures to smoke were associated with accleration of clearance rates in the tracheobronchial tree in both species.…”

Effects of Concentrated Cigarette Smoke on Respiratory Tract Clearance in the Ferret

“…As an example, Albert et al (1974) examined the effects of cigarette smoke exposure o n bronchial clearance rates in donkeys. In their investigation a stimulation of clearance was seen at low levels of exposure (the animals smoked 2 cigarettes via nasal catheters), while a striking depressant effect was seen after higher level exposures (1 0-30 cigarettes smoked).…”

Inhalation exposure methodology.

“…Masks used for pulmonary function testing of dogs, but suitable for inhalation exposures, are described by Dubin and Morrison and for ponies by Mauderly (44). Nasal tubes for inhalation exposure of donkeys are described by Albert et al (45). Battista (18) discusses a mask used on the chicken.…”

“…Masks should be comfortable, seal tightly, and allow for collection or drainage of saliva. Successful masks or nasal tubes are usually carefully handmade and the literature contains some useful designs and descriptions (18,39,(43)(44)(45). Inhalation exposure masks may also be used for pulmonary function testing, provided the seal is good and the dead space is reasonably small.…”