Effects of chronic variate stress on feeding behavior and on monoamine levels in different rat brain structures

Gamaro, Giovana Duzzo

doi:10.1016/s0197-0186(02)00080-3

Cited by 178 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…This task was performed during the light cycle by an observer who was blinded to the groups. The observer noted if the animal ate 1/4, 1/2, or an entire Froot Loop, in accordance with previous studies (Katz et al 1981b;Gamaro et al 2003).…”

Section: Sweet Food Consumption (Anhedonia Test)mentioning

confidence: 79%

“…These evaluations were performed because food deprivation, which is used in many behavior tasks as a motivating stimulus, may also be an acute stressor (Katz et al 1981a;Gamaro et al 2003). The behavioral tests were performed by the same person blinded to the experimental group.…”

Section: Sweet Food Consumption (Anhedonia Test)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the 22nd day, after consumption of the sweet food, the rats were anesthetized with a mixture of ketamine (80 mg/kg) and xylazine (10 mg/kg) administered i.p. After death, the adrenal gland was removed through laparotomy and weighed on an analytical scale (Krishnan and Nestler 2008;Katz et al 1981b;Nestler et al 2002;Gamaro et al 2003).…”

Section: Body and Adrenal Gland Weightmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, in this study, we assessed anhedonia, measured by sucrose intake, immobility during the forced swimming test and body and adrenal gland weight in rats submitted to chronic administration of BCAA during development. Because previous observations suggested that oxidative stress may be involved in the pathophysiology of the neurological dysfunction of MSUD (Bridi et al 2003(Bridi et al , 2005Fontella et al 2002;Barschak et al 2006;Mescka et al 2011) and these variables suggest depressive-like symptoms (Katz et al 1981b;Gamaro et al 2003;Lucca et al 2008), we also investigated the influence of the concomitant administration of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) plus deferoxamine (DFX) or imipramine in the behavioral tasks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Behavioral Responses in Rats Submitted to Chronic Administration of Branched-Chain Amino Acids

et al. 2013

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Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) is an inborn metabolism error caused by a deficiency of branched-chain a-keto acid dehydrogenase complex activity. This blockage leads to an accumulation of the branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) leucine, isoleucine, and valine, as well as their corresponding a-keto and a-hydroxy acids. Previous reports suggest that MSUD patients are at high risk for chronic neuropsychiatric problems. Therefore, in this study, we assessed variables that suggest depressive-like symptoms (anhedonia as measured by sucrose intake, immobility during the forced swimming test and body and adrenal gland weight) in rats submitted to chronic administration of BCAA during development. Furthermore, we determined if these parameters were sensitive to imipramine and N-acetylcysteine/deferoxamine (NAC/DFX). Our results demonstrated that animals subjected to chronic administration of branched-chain amino acids showed a decrease in sucrose intake without significant changes in body weight. We also observed an increase in adrenal gland weight and immobility time during the forced swimming test. However, treatment with imipramine and NAC/DFX reversed these changes in the behavioral tasks. In conclusion, this study demonstrates a link between MSUD and depression in rats. Moreover, this investigation reveals that the antidepressant action of NAC/DFX and imipramine might be associated with their capability to maintain pro-/anti-oxidative homeostasis.

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Section: Sweet Food Consumption (Anhedonia Test)mentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Sweet Food Consumption (Anhedonia Test)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Body and Adrenal Gland Weightmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Behavioral Responses in Rats Submitted to Chronic Administration of Branched-Chain Amino Acids

et al. 2013

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“…increases [20][21][22] , decreases [23,24] and no changes [23,25,26] . These inconsistencies can be attributed to the species, age and sex of animals used, as well as the type and the intensity of stress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Forced swimming stress does not affect monoamine levels and neurodegeneration in rats

et al. 2011

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Objective The current study was aimed to investigate the correlations between immobility time in the forced swimming test (FST, a behavioral indicator of stress level) and hippocampal monoamine levels (markers of depression), plasma adrenalin level (a peripheral marker of stress) as well as fl uoro-jade C staining (a marker of neurodegeneration).Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to acute, sub-chronic (7 d) or chronic (14 d) FSTs and immobility time was recorded. Levels of noradrenalin, serotonin and dopamine in the hippocampus, and adrenalin level in the plasma were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Brain sections from rats after chronic forced swimming or rotenone treatment (3 mg/kg subcutaneously for 4 d) were stained with fl uoro-jade C. ResultsThe rats subjected to swimming stress (acute, sub-chronic and chronic) showed long immobility times [(214 ± 5), (220 ± 4) and (231 ± 7) s, respectively], indicating that the animals were under stress. However, the rats did not exhibit significant declines in hippocampal monoamine levels, and the plasma adrenalin level was not significantly increased compared to that in unstressed rats. The rats that underwent chronic swimming stress did not manifest fl uoro-jade C staining in brain sections, while degenerating neurons were evident after rotenone treatment. Conclusion The immobility time in the FST does not correlate with markers of depression (monoamine levels) and internal stress (adrenalin levels and neurodegeneration), hence this parameter may not be a true indicator of stress level.

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Neuroendocrinology and Neurotransmitters

Gray

McEwen

2014

The Wiley Handbook of Anxiety Disorders

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Effects of chronic variate stress on feeding behavior and on monoamine levels in different rat brain structures

Cited by 178 publications

References 72 publications

Behavioral Responses in Rats Submitted to Chronic Administration of Branched-Chain Amino Acids

Behavioral Responses in Rats Submitted to Chronic Administration of Branched-Chain Amino Acids

Forced swimming stress does not affect monoamine levels and neurodegeneration in rats

Neuroendocrinology and Neurotransmitters

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