Effects of Chronic Stress on Penile Corpus Cavernosum of Rats

Souza, Diogo Benchimol de; Silva, Dı́lson; Cortez, Célia Martins; Costa, Waldemar S.; Sampaio, Francisco J.B.

doi:10.2164/jandrol.111.014225

Cited by 34 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Groups submitted to stress (SP-I, SA-I, SP-L and SA-L) were subjected to chronic stress by the immobilization method [5,9]. Each animal was kept in a rigid opaque plastic tube for two hours daily to restrain its movements during the 6-week period (from 6 th to 12 th week of life for pubertal groups, or from 10 th to 16 th week of life for adult groups).…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immediate and Late Effects of Stress on Kidneys of Prepubertal and Adult Rats

Marchon

Ribeiro

Costa

et al. 2018

Kidney Blood Press Res

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Background/Aims: Stress had been related to physiological and morphological alterations in different organs, however kidney morphology and function after stress conditions are not well-known. To evaluate the effects of chronic stress on renal morphology in prepubertal and adult rats, and to investigate if the effects of induced stress remain stable or worsen following removal of the stress stimuli. Methods: Forty prepubertal rats (4 weeks old) and thirty six adult rats (10 weeks old) were used. Each age group was divided a into control group and a stressed group. Stressed animals were restrained in rigid tubes 2 hours per day for 6 weeks. Animals were euthanized 24 hours after the last stress stimulus for immediate evaluation (50% of the groups), and 6 weeks after the last stress stimulus for late evaluation (50% of the groups). Kidney weight and volume, cortical-medullar ratio, glomerular volumetric density, volume-weighted glomerular volume, and number of glomeruli per kidney were evaluated using the Image J software. Results: Prepubertal stressed animals showed reduced kidney weight and volume, and increased cortical-medullar ratio in comparison to its control group when evaluated immediately. Furthermore, stressed prepubertal and adult animals evaluated immediately had reduced glomerular volumetric density. Most importantly, all stressed groups exhibited reduced number of glomeruli per kidney. Other analyzed parameters did not difeer significantly the groups. Conclusion: Chronic stress induced before and after puberty led to irreversible glomerular loss, however, renal impairment was interrupted by removal of the stress stimuli.

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Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, stress had been related not only to physiological, but also morphological alterations in different organs [5][6][7][8], including the kidney [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immediate and Late Effects of Stress on Kidneys of Prepubertal and Adult Rats

Marchon

Ribeiro

Costa

et al. 2018

Kidney Blood Press Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In another study, testosterone deficiency in patients was associated with cavernosal fibrosis [77]. Stress also decreased testosterone abundance, resulting in decreased smooth muscle and increased penile collagen [78]. …”

Section: Testosterone Effects On Penile Development and Adult Penile mentioning

confidence: 99%

Translational Perspective on the Role of Testosterone in Sexual Function and Dysfunction

Podlasek

Mulhall

Davies

et al. 2016

The Journal of Sexual Medicine

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Introduction The biological importance of testosterone is generally accepted by the medical community, however controversy focuses on its relevance to sexual function and the sexual response, and our understanding of the extent of its role in this area is evolving. Aim This article aims to provide scientific evidence examining the role of testosterone at the cellular and molecular levels as it pertains to normal erectile physiology and the development of erectile dysfunction, and to assist in guiding successful therapeutic interventions for androgen-dependent sexual dysfunction. Methods In this White Paper, the Basic Science Committee of the Sexual Medicine Society of North America assessed the current basic science literature examining the role of testosterone in sexual function and dysfunction. Results Testosterone plays an important role in sexual function via multiple processes: physiological (stimulates activity of NOS), developmental (establish and maintain the structural and functional integrity of the penis), neural (development, maintenance, function and plasticity of the cavernous nerve and pelvic ganglia), therapeutically for dysfunctional regulation (beneficial effect on aging, diabetes and prostatectomy), and PDE5i (testosterone supplement to counteract PDE5i resistance). Conclusions Despite controversies surrounding testosterone with regard to sexual function, basic science studies provide incontrovertible evidence for a significant role of testosterone in sexual function and suggest that properly administered testosterone therapy is potentially advantageous for treating male sexual dysfunction.

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“…The volumetric density of testicular structures was assessed with the ImageJ software (NIH, Bethesda, USA)by using a test grid with 100 points superimposed to the testicular photomicrographs. Every point-touched structure was counted, and its density was expressed in percentage of the analyzed field 18 . For each animal, 50 fields were evaluated under x400 magnification.…”

Section: Morphological Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%